The skin is the body’s largest organ. Its functions are to protect the body, keep the body at a good temperature, and allow for the sense of touch. It is the only organ that is always exposed to the external environment. There is over 20 square feet of skin on an average human adult. The skin is made of three layers. The innermost layer is made of subcutaneous fat. This layer helps the body to stay warm. The middle layer is called the dermis. The dermis contains nerve endings, oil and sweat glands, and blood vessels. The upper layer is the epidermis. This layer is made up of mostly dead skin cells.

Any time the skin is irritated, it can become itchy. Itching is a common feeling that all people and animals get at some point in their lives. Around 20 per cent of adults experience some kind of itching on a regular basis. It can be a very discouraging and uncomfortable feeling. It is known in the medical field as pruritus.

It leads to a desire or reflex to scratch the area that is itching. Itching is a defense mechanisms which tells the spinal cord and then the brain when something is touching the nerve endings of the dermis layer of the skin. Scratching is the immediate response to the stimulus. Scratching has one goal and that is to remove whatever is bothering the skin. Itching brings on a feeling similar to that of pain, except that instead of the withdrawal reflex that pain leads to, itching leads to a scratch reflex. Itch receptors are also more sensitive than pain receptors.

Causes of Itching

There are over 1000 things that can make a person itch. For the most part, these things include anything that can touch and irritate the skin and certain diseases.

An itch can be caused by something physical or neurological. An itch can come on by skin irritation or as a symptom of another disease. Just thinking about itching can make a person want to scratch themselves. Itching can come on without any symptom at all when the skin is irritated. Itching can also be associated with dry skin, bumps, spots, blisters, or redness.

On a human, there are many small insects that can be the cause itching, whether by the presence of the insect or by its bite or sting. These include:

• Head lice
• Pubic lice
• Body louse
• Mosquito or chigger bites.
• Spider bits
• Parasitic infections

Other things that cause itching include:

• Urticaria, commonly known as hives, which is a common allergic reaction
• Fungal infections
• Certain skin conditions, such as dermatitis, psoriasis, scabies, and tinea infections. Tinea infections are commonly called ring worm, jock itch, or athlete’s foot.
• Hodgkin’s disease
• Xerosis, commonly called dry skin. This is more common in the winter time or after frequent hot baths.
• Scab healing or scar growth
• Development of moles, pimples, or ingrown hairs
• Dandruff
• Chicken pox
• Psychiatric diseases
• Certain medications
• Menopause
• Malignant or internal cancer
• Sunburns
• Dry air
• Pregnancy
• Withdrawal from certain drugs
• Chronic stress
• Some internal diseases such as liver disease, kidney failure, celiac disease, iron deficiency anemia, certain types of cancer, diabetes, or thyroid problems. In these cases, the itch usually includes the entire body.

Prevention of Itching

• If your skin is sensitive, take extra precaution when washing. Take baths instead of showers.
• Use bath oils to keep the skin moisturized.
• Use mild soaps. Supper fatted or oil based soaps are less likely to cause dryness, but should not be used all the time.
• Use moisturizer on your hands often.
• Use sunscreen when outside.
• After you get out of a bath or shower, immediately put on moisturizer.
• Use mosquito repellant.
• Drink lots of water.
• Don’t wear wool or acrylic fabrics. Cotton and silk clothing are good for itches.
• Use unscented and mild laundry detergent.
• Don’t scratch. While scratching can solve some of the less serious itches, it can also cause problems.

For the most part, avoid scratching. Long term scratching can lead to a condition called neurodermatitis. Neurodermatitis is characterized by thick, leathery skin. Scratching can also cause bacterial infections and permanent changes in skin color or even scaring.

Treatment of itching

Since itching is such a common problem, and is usually not serious, there are many remedies that can be done at home to soothe the itch. Some of these remedies are:

– Baking Soda. Baking soda can be used many different ways to relieve itches. One cup of baking soda can be added to a bath to soothe all over itches or itches that are hard to reach. A baking soda paste can also be made out of one part water and three parts baking soda. This paste is applied directly to the skin, but shouldn’t be used if the skin is broken.

• Oatmeal. One or two cups of ground oatmeal in a warm bath tub can soothe itches.
• Evaporated Milk. Add one can to a bath and let it soothe away the itch.
• Apple cider vinegar. One tablespoon in a bath can help an itch.
• Ice can often relieve the itchy area. If ice is not readily available, cold water can help.
• If it’s the hands or feet that are itching, and the reason is dryness, apply a layer of petroleum jelly and wear gloves or socks.
• Cut your nails short to avoid irritating the skin if scratching is a problem.
• If itching is caused by dry skin, a simple moisturizing lotion may be the solution.

Treating itches using herb

• Peppermint or yellow dock in a bath tub is supposed to help itches
• Burdock root oil applied to the skin will stop itching and heal rashes
• Fresh chickweed – Soak two large handfuls in water until it softens. Allow it to cool then apply onto the itching area.
• Cloves and Juniper berries – American Indians were known for using these two things to stop an itch. The berries have anti-inflammatory properties and the cloves numb nerve endings. To make this concoction, melt three ounces of unsalted butter. In a different pan, melt about two tablespoons of beeswax.
• Basil – Basil also contains a nerve numbing agent. To use on itches, place a half ounce of dried basil leaves in one pint of boiling water. Cover it and allow it to cool. Use a cloth to spread the tea onto the itch.
• Mint – mint contains substances that are both anti-inflammatory and anesthetics. Place one ounce of mint leaves in a pint of boiling water. Cover and wait until it cools. Strain the tea and use a cloth to spread the tea onto the affected area.
• Thyme -Thyme also has anesthetic and anti-inflammatory properties. Make a thyme tea using one half ounce of dried thyme in a one pint jar of boiling water. Just like the mint and basil tea, cover it and allow cooling. Strain the tea and use a cloth to spread onto the affected area. In China, this mixture will often contain an ounce of dandelion root as well.

Over the counter and store bought remedies for itching

Most over the counter medications for itching fall into two categories. They are either oral antihistamines or corticosteroid creams. Here is a list of some of the popular over the counter solutions.

• Aloe Vera Gel – Aloe vera gel is made from the aloe vera plant. When a leaf of an aloe vera plant is cut or crushed, a transparent fluid comes out. This fluid has soothing properties. It is commonly used for burns, but it also helps to relieve itching feelings. It is available for about five dollars a bottle.
• Ivarest – Ivarest temporarily relieves itching. It, like Benadryl, also blocks histamines. It can cause mild skin irritation.
• Calamine Lotion – Calamine lotion works well for itching that is associated with poison ivy, chicken pox, insect bites, and sun burns. It can occasionally irritate the skin or cause a rash. It can be bought for as little as $2 a bottle.
• Aveeno anti-itch concentrated lotion or cream – This lotion or cream brings quick relief to itches caused by minor skin irritations, insect bites, and chicken pox. There are no known side effects of the lotion. It can be bought for around $5 for an ounce of cream or $5 for 4 ounces of lotion.

Benadryl

There are many Benadryl products that can stop itching. Benadryl produces an anti itch cream that can be applied right onto the itch. It should not be used for chicken pox, measles, or on a large area of the body. Some people experience skin irritation when using the Benadryl cream. If an allergy or hives is what caused the itching, an oral Benadryl product can work to stop the itch.

Benadryl is an antihistamine. Histamines are what the body produces during an allergic reaction. Histamines cause swelling and sometimes itching. Benadryl blocks the histamines. Oral Benadryl has many side effects. Some of them include: tiredness, dizziness, coordination problems, heartburn, and thickening of bronchial secretions. All Benadryl products are available in most grocery or drug stores for under $15.

Doctors and Itching

If itching doesn’t improve in about two weeks, it is time to see a doctor. It is also good to seek medical attention if the itching is so severe that it distracts you from day-to-day activities. Unexplained itching or itches that include the entire body, or if the itch has other symptoms with it are also reasons to see a doctor.

When you see a doctor, the doctor will ask specific questions to determine the cause of the itch. The doctor may also perform certain tests if he or she thinks the cause of the itching is an internal problem.

If the doctor finds an underlying cause for the itching, he or she will treat that cause. When the cause is treating, the itching will go away. There are other ways that doctors may suggest treating itching. They include:

• Over the counter medications
• Light therapy – This is also known as phototherapy. During this procedure, the skin is exposed to specific wavelengths of ultraviolet light. Multiple sessions may be needed to get itching under control, and each session can be very expensive.
• Wet dressings – This is a process where medicated creams are put on the itchy area and then covered with a damp material made of cotton. The cotton is usually soaked in water before being applied.

Athlete’s Foot

Athlete’s foot is a common skin infection found in a group of related fungal skin infections known as tinea. The medical terms associated with athlete’s foot include tinea pedia, plantaris, dermatophytosis Palmaris, and interdigitalis. These infections are caused by a number of mold-like fungi, known as dermatophytes, which reside in dead tissues on the hair, skin and nails.

Only those who have experienced athlete’s foot first hand know how uncomfortable the infection can be. Athlete’s foot typically occurs on the soles of the feet but can spread to areas between the toes and the toenails. The condition can also be spread by contact such as touching your foot then touching other areas of the body including your hands, palms, underarms or groin.

Symptoms

Symptoms of athlete’s foot can vary depending on the individual, stage and severity of the infection, and how the body reacts.

Some individuals experience an allergic reaction to the fungus that causes athlete’s foot.

This is called an ‘id reaction’ and can result in vesicles or blisters on areas of the body like the arms, hands and chest.

Treatment of the id reaction is usually cured with treatment of athlete’s foot.

While other symptoms may be present in individuals experiencing athlete’s foot, here you will find a list of the most common symptoms associated with the infection.

Symptoms Include

• Peeling and cracking of the skin around and between the toes
• Intense itching on the soles of the feet and surrounding area
• Redness or inflammation that worsens as the infection progresses
• Blisters on the soles of the feet as well as along the sides of the feet
• Scaling and flaking on the soles of the feet and in between the toes
• Burning or stinging sensation in the area of the infection
• Crusting or oozing of the soles of the feet that may spread to the toes
• Thick, discolored and crumbled skin if the fungus spreads to the nails
• Any of the above symptoms can also occur on other body parts if spread

Causes

Athlete’s foot is caused by dermatophytes, tiny parasites that live on certain areas of the body including the skin. Dermatophytes can be divided into three separate groups according to which host they prefer.

• Zoophile – Fungi that prefers an animal host
• Geophile – Fungi that prefers a soil host
• Anthropophile – Fungi that prefers a human host

In the majority of cases, athlete’s foot is caused by the anthropophile fungi as it favors a human host. The three most common species of anthropophile fungi include Epidermophyton, Microsporum, and Trichophyton. These three species account for more than 90 percent of all fungal infections that occur on the skin.

Athlete’s foot is not limited to only athletes or those who are in good physical shape. The infection can occur on any person that remains damp or moist on their foot or feet for a certain period of time. Those who wear tight fitting clothing or those who don’t dry their feet properly on a consistent basis are more at risk for athlete’s foot.

Every person is acceptable to athlete’s foot as we all have one or more of the fungi in our bodies. Most of these fungi are harmless and simply feed on dead skin cells. Athlete’s foot is more common in young individuals and adults. The condition is also highly contagious and can be spread on our own bodies or to others. This can occur through skin-to-skin contact or indirectly through objects such as shoes, floors, towels, clothing, etc.

Risk Factors

Certain individuals are more at risk for developing athlete’s foot depending on certain lifestyle conditions and choices. Clothing options such as closed toe shoes (especially plastic lined shoes) and thick socks that cause sweating of the feet for a long period of time can lead to the infection.

Those who sweat profusely while working, exercising or participating in other daily activities are also at risk.

Although you may not experience any of the above factors, you may still be at risk if you work, study or play in a public area. Direct contact with an infected person or with materials that are infected with the parasites such as socks, shoes, public showers or gyms can cause the spread of athlete’s foot to an area on your own body. The risk is greater when the environment is warmer as this is grounds for the fungus to grow and invade the skin.

Risk Factors Include:

• Not keeping your feet dry, clean and maintained
• Excessive perspiration
• Humid, warm or hot weather or environment
• Disorders or conditions of the immune system
• Prior infections of athlete’s foot
• Wearing tight, close toed shoes or poorly ventilated shoes
• Walking barefoot at home or in public areas

Prevention Tips

Treatment of athlete’s foot begins with preventing the infection from occurring in the first place. For those who are prone to athlete’s foot, prevention is a much bigger issue that can be maintained through a variety of effective tips and techniques.

Since athlete’s foot can easily be spread from person to person, it’s important to keep your family and community safe by not sharing or leaving infected items where others could potentially come in contact with the materials.

Keep places where your feet touch such as floors, showers, bathtubs, and beds clean and maintained. When in public areas such as swimming pools or gyms, keep a pair of flip flops handy to prevent walking on the floor and picking up or spreading the infection. Disinfectant spray should be used in kitchens and bathrooms in the home. Clothing, towels, bed sheets and blankets should be washed on a regular basis in hot water to help kill the growing fungus. Be sure not to leave moist or damp dirty laundry lingering in the washer or hamper for any period of time to avoid the spread of parasites. Avoid sharing these types of materials among family members and consider doing separate loads of wash.

Special soaps can be used on a regular basis to prevent fungal infections such as athlete’s foot. These fungal soaps contain active ingredients, such as tea tree oil, that help fight off and prevent the infection. They also contain Aloe Vera and are free of chlorine and sediments, leaving your skin moisturized and smooth.

Consider sanitizing the inside of your shoes with a germicidal shoe tree. This will help keep your shoes free of fungal parasites. Keep your feet dry by applying an antiperspirant made especially for feet perspiration. Replace the inserts of your shoes on a regular basis and replace any old exercise shoes or sneakers. After participating in any type of physical activity, use a soap that contains anti-fungal agents and antibacterial qualities. Try to wear open toed shoes or sandals whenever possible to allow your feet time to breathe and receive fresh air.

Test and Diagnosis Considerations

Typically, the diagnosis of athlete’s feet is made by a general doctor or podiatrist (foot doctor) by a visual exam of the foot or feet. Skin scrapings may be needed to test for the specific type of fungi the patient is experiencing to determine the best route of treatment. Microscopic examinations may also be needed to rule out more serious problems such as a bacterial infection.

Various tests may be recommended, such as a fungal culture or an examination of the patients’ foot under ultraviolet light. Your doctor may also do a potassium hydroxide (KOH) test to diagnosis athlete’s foot. This is done by carefully scraping scaly skin from the soles of the feet and placing them onto a microscope slide. KOH is then added to the slide and it’s placed beneath a microscope to look for signs of fungus. In many cases, a doctor will be able to diagnosis athlete’s foot simply by sight.

Common Symptoms

It’s important to rule out other causes of common symptoms associated with athlete’s foot. Peeling or redness of the feet may be caused by environmental factors such as tight shoes, excessive perspiration due to warm weather or wearing shoes without socks. Adhesive cements and certain dyes found in some types of shoes can also cause irritation to the feet.

Other similarities to the symptoms of athlete’s foot can be due to nail polishes, lotions or powders that the patient applied their selves that caused irritation. Conditions such as scabies, eczema and psoriasis may be other possibilities for your symptoms. It’s best to talk to a doctor to rule these out.

If all attempts for diagnosis of athlete’s foot come back inconclusive, a biopsy of the infected skin can be taken for examination. Your doctor may recommend you to a special physician, such as a dermatologist (skin doctor), podiatrist (foot doctor) or a foot health practitioner to future examine your condition. Once a proper diagnoses is made, your doctor can recommend effective treatment methods for you to consider and may write you’re a prescription for a topical or oral medication to help treat the infection.

Treatment Options

There are many over the counter, natural and home remedies available for the treatment of athlete’s foot. While some of these treatments are highly effective in curing the infection, others simply treat the symptoms causing reoccurring episodes. Not everyone responds to all treatments so it’s best to talk to your doctor to see which may be the best fit for you. This could depend on your allergies, medical history, current conditions and various other factors.

Herbal & Home Remedies: Herbal treatments are popular as they are usually effective in treating the condition and have little or no side effects. Common herbal and home remedy treatments for athlete’s foot include tea tree oil, Listerine (mouth wash) and hydrogen peroxide. To sooth and treat your sore feet, soak them in a solution of two teaspoons of salt per one pint of warm water. These home remedy provides an unappealing environment for fungus and makes over the counter treatments more effective. A solution of 25 percent aluminum chloride and water provides similar results.

Fungus Between Your  Toes

For fungus between your toes, a mixture of baking soda and water can be used to form a paste. Rub the paste onto the site of the infection, allow drying time then rinse with warm water. While in the shower, use a foot brush to rub away dead skin cells, leaving smooth new infection free skin. Remember to continue applying a foot cream or powder, wearing dry socks and choosing shoes that fit well and allow your feet to breathe.

Alternative treatments may also be used to treat athlete’s foot. The following oils and extracts have been found effective in relieving symptoms of athlete’s foot and with regular use, treating the infection: Topical oils (example-tea tree oil), onion extract, garlic extract, boric acid and Epson salts. Rubbing one or more of the following products on your feet twice a day or in a mixture of warm water can lead to foot relief.

Herbal & Home Remedies Include

• Keep feet as dry as possible, especially between the toes
• Wear cotton socks and change them once or twice per day
• Avoid tight closed toed shoes as these cause heat build-up
• Never go in public areas barefoot, especially moist or warm areas
• Apply foot creams and powders regularly to keep feet healthy
• Always wash your socks in hot water to kill all potential bacteria
• Avoid yeast products such as baked goods and breads
• Vinegar and alcohol should not be consumed by chronic sufferers
• Apply grapefruit seed extract to your feet to fight off fungus

Pharmaceutical Remedies

Over the counter and prescription athlete foot creams, powders and liquids are available. These usually contain active ingredients such as clotrimazole, miconazole and tolnaftate. If used on a regular basis, these types of treatments usually work well but may take longer to see results. Athlete foot powders work by keeping the feet dry throughout strenuous activity and perspiration.

Along with these self-care tips, keeping your feet dry and clean, washing your feet frequently with warm soap and water and wearing dry, clean socks can help keep the infection under control. If the over-the-counter remedies fail to work after two to four weeks of use, you may want to consider visiting your doctor for a stronger medication. Your doctor may prescribe a topical or oral medication such as terbinafine or ketoconazole to treat the fungus. Antibiotics may also be needed for bacterial infections.

Side effects from oral athlete’s foot medications may include rashes, gastrointestinal upset and abnormal liver function. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a warning against oral Lamisil and Sporanox in May of 2001 due to links between the medication and rare cases of liver failure and even death. They also have a history of weakening the heart contractions so they should be avoided by those with heart problems.

Eczema is a broad term a for wide variety of skin conditions, but its true synonym is atopic dermatitis meaning that it is found on the top layers of inflamed skin. It can often be confused for, or misdiagnosed as, psoriasis and urticaria because they all share similar symptoms.

Symptoms of Eczema

Symptoms for eczema include redness due to irritation, swelling (also called edema), ashy texture of the skin as a result of dryness, crusting, flaking, and other symptoms that include itching, blistering, oozing, and bleeding.

As the skin itches, people suffering from atopic dermatitis will be prone to scratching or rubbing, but as this is done, the symptoms flare up further, causing more pain and discomfort.

Eczema is very common in infants, but can affect people of all ages. Lighter skinned people will find that their skin will redden as the symptoms become more severe and darker skinned people will find that their skin color will change as well. Those with dry skin due to eczema will find that in the summer months they will not tan evenly.

Dry areas will stay as they were prior to receiving sunlight, which will often be most prevalent in joints where the skin touches itself, such as behind the elbows or knees. Other areas prone to be affected by eczema are around the chest, eyes, and ears.

Causes of Eczema

There is no definitive answer as to what causes eczema, but several correlations have been drawn in families where allergies and asthma are present. Physiologically, the body’s immune system may be overacting to one of many triggers causing the skin to become irritated more easily.

Some patients find that it is merely a matter of skin sensitivity. They may find their skin flaring up as a result of touching materials that it is sensitive to, such as wool. Others may find reactions in certain products like soaps and detergents leading them to have to purchase more expensive, skin-friendly brands that include Dreft and SA8.

Weather-Related Causes

Hot and cold weather and water can also cause breakouts and irritation. Following a very hot shower a person with eczema will find that not only is the skin more sensitive, but that the coarseness of a towel further irritates the area, resulting in more cracking and bleeding.

To solve this problem for those who find themselves especially troubled by the winter weather the best course of action is to engage in tepid (not too hot, but not cold either) showers, and to dry themselves afterward by blotting the towel on the skin rather than wiping or rubbing it as so many are used to.

Confusion with Other Skin Conditions

One thing many should never confuse eczema with is contagious skin conditions, such as ring worm. While eczema can look unattractive and even a little scary, it is not contagious.

While it is not known what causes eczema exactly, Dr. Ross Zeltzer notes in his article for Baptist Health Systems about which specific factors increase one’s risk of suffering from it. As mentioned earlier, one may simply contract atopic dermatitis as a result of a mother or father having it. It is unknown as to why, but parents who suffer from allergic disorders like hay fever, asthma, and eczema have children who offer suffer from it as well.

You Environment

Another factor deals with the environment one lives in. While some people are more comfortable in a dry environment others thrive in a tropical one. Many such cases were found of Royal Marines who deployed to the Middle East in 2005. Those who had suffered from eczema the previous year carried no symptoms while deployed overseas. However, when they returned home the symptoms returned with them.

Other environmental irritants can include soaps, detergents, and clothing that is harsh on the skin as well as particles from materials. Those who work in wood shops may find that sawdust is unkind to them just as those who work in metal shops can find the same of steel, aluminum, and various alloys. People who work around harsh chemicals may find that the fumes cause their skin to feel irritated even if they are more common chemicals like chlorine or those added to lotions and perfumes.

Medical Conditions, Food Reactions, & Age

Medical conditions add to one’s risk factors for being affected as well. People who are allergic to pollen or animals may find the reaction come by way of their skin. Dust mites, mold, and certain kinds of food can cause irritation as well.

Food reactions that cause skin breakouts are not always eczema, though. People who are allergic to shellfish may find that their skin will break out in hives. If not treated properly, the swelling can close up their throat and kill them. While eczema is very serious if untreated, it will not be fatal.

And a last factor includes one’s age. Most people who suffer from eczema begin doing so before they are toddlers with the vast majority of the rest developing it before they are five years old. This being said, a person may still find themselves with dry, flaky, crusting skin behind their elbows and knees, and even on the tops of their heads and the backs of their necks when they are middle aged or retired.

Preventing & Relieving Eczema Symptoms

Preventing eczema first comes with knowing what causes it. Having already covered this area, the next steps are to figure out what steps people can take as a means of not having to deal with it between behavioral and pharmaceutical therapy.

For those who prefer a quick fix one actually can be found. For eczema, it is in topical medicines that are usually steroid creams, such as Cortisone.

For those who only have to cover a small area this method of treatment will work well. But for those who have chronic flare-ups engulfing large areas, or the majority of their skin, Cortisone creams carry risk factors as well.

Side Effects

Potential side-effects of using steroid medications include Glaucoma, which is why it should never be applied to the face, especially near the eyes, hypopigmentation, which is when the skin whitens, and another possible side effect is the skin increasing in its severity of atopic dermatitis.

Cortisone creams can work quite effectively, but in some cases they will make matters worse. Along with never using it on one’s face, it should not be applied to the groin, and a doctor should be consulted if it does not work within three weeks.

For those who do not want to treat their dermatitis with a pharmaceutical method, the next alternative is to engage in behaviors that are in support of the skin.

Other Prevention Techniques

The first means of behavioral prevention is to avoid things that cause eczema. Mild hand soaps like Oil of Olay, Cetaphil, and Dove are highly recommended because they are gentle. After washing, hands should be dried completely. As strange as it may sound to some, water can actually be a causal factor in drying out the skin.

The same goes for showering. These same brands come in body washes as well, but they will not be of much help for those who insist on taking very hot showers. The heat, when extreme, will be counter-productive in the process of creating any kind of relief. Redness and inflammation will intensify the affected areas. Showers can last up to twenty minutes. Afterward, be sure to pat the skin dry rather than rubbing. This cannot be emphasized enough because so much unnecessary and easily avoidable skin damage can be done in the moments after a shower or bath is taken.

After showering, it is time to apply a moisturizer. For those who have something prescribed by a medical professional, use that and to the specific instructions of the provider. Otherwise, a moisturizer with no added perfumes is best. Again, brands known for being gentle are preferred. Some say that it is best to apply moisturizer while the skin is wet after a shower and others disagree. For this, it is really up to what works best for the person applying it. But applying moisturizer is a key to finding relief over eczema.

Using Moisturizers

Moisturizers should be applied several times a day. For those who have irritated skin that is not eczema, moisturizer can actually be part of the problem, but for those with it, it is vital. Applying moisturizer several times a day works in two ways. It creates a thin barrier between the skin and the outside environment that is damaging it, much like lip balm does. Then, the moisturizing barrier will allow the body to soothe itself with its own means before it evaporates from the skin, which will then result in the need to reapply.

For those who work in a wet environment, such as dishwashers and fishermen, it is best to where gloves while working. However, it is also important to note that excessive sweat causes eczema as well, so for those who wear waterproof hand protection, another method necessary to prevention may be to wear a thin pair of cotton gloves to soak up the sweat that builds up beneath.

Avoid Scratching and Touching Affected Areas

Adding to this, environments that are extreme can cause a person to scratch or rub certain areas repeatedly.

As extra sensitive areas like the eyes are repeatedly rubbed the result can be a kind of chronic itch in need of being addressed almost constantly.

Just as one must engage in self-control over larger parts of his or her environment, so must he or she take control over the need to create relief in this manner.

Not only will it create a more severe edema, flaking, or bleeding, but it may also cause infection as dirt can collect on the hands and under the fingernails that will then be transferred into the the breaking surface of the epidermis.

Clothing Considerations

Clothing should be monitored carefully. Cotton and clothes made of a cotton blend are often more gentle than those made of wool or synthetic materials. This is especially true of those who sweat a lot.

Athletes have been getting in on this trend by taking advantage of new workout technology that wicks away sweat rather than collects it. While sweat is an efficient means of helping the body cool, it is also a productive way to create chaffing. For those without eczema, this can be irritating if not painful. For those who do have it, the pain can become quite severe.

The last area where prevention can be managed is in stress. While there will always be stress in a person’s life, there are techniques that can cause a person to settle it to a lessening degree. Between breathing exercises, physical exertion, talk therapy, and laughing, people who suffer from atopic dermatitis can find relief by forgetting about it temporarily.

Of course, one would not want to forget about it for too long. After the symptoms of eczema have gone away it is very important to be proactive in one’s self treatment. Regular moisturizing should not stop if it can be helped because managing eczema when it is not flaring up is much easier than when it is, making it true that prevention sometimes can be the best cure.

Diagnosing Eczema

For those who are unsure as to whether or not they have eczema, it can be difficult since conditions like psoriasis appear to be similar in nature. Sometimes a dermatologist can tell simply by observing common areas of sensitivity like the creases in one’s skin, the chest, and the face. If these areas are red, swollen, itchy, ashy, flaking, or cracked, it may be concluded that it is eczema.

To complement this, a detailed history of one’s record should be made. Those who have a personal or family history of eczema, or the common allergies that correlate with it, strengthen the case for a proper diagnosis.

Preparing for a Doctor’s Visit

Patients should do their best to provide the most accurate answers in relation to when the skin irritation first appeared. This will help skin specialists in the healing and prevention process. If it is believed to be allergen-related, a skin patch test may be ordered. This test consists of applying a small area of tape with the suspected irritant on it to be applied to the skin for a day or two.

At the same time, a piece of tape without the irritant is also applied. If the area with the irritant is red and inflamed then the culprit has been found, but only if the skin with no applied irritant is not. This part of the test is very important because it could very well be that the skin was irritated simply from having tape on it for an extended period of time.

In rare cases, one of two other tests may be ordered. A skin lesion biopsy can be taken where a small area is excised for testing, or a Radioallergosorbent Test (RAST) will be performed, which involves taking a sample of blood and mixing it with potential irritants separately. While both tests are very effective, they are often unnecessary with proper behavioral care through moisturizing and sometimes applying prescribed medicated creams.

Additional Resources

Guide to Eczema

Eczema Symptom Overview

Eczema Treatment Overview

Cracked Heels

Dry skin is a primary culprit of cracked heels. The body produces no oil in the palms of hands and on the bottom of the feet.

Therefore, the area remains dry most of the time. The feet require more care than other parts of the body in order to remain moisturized and free of cracks.

Today, most individuals engage in pedicures to remove dead skin and promote healthy skin. Regular cleaning and removal of the skin through various techniques will minimize the effects of cracked heels.

Individuals who do not use proper hygiene on their feet accumulate up to 30 times more skin in that area than on other parts of the body.

Heels are also more prone to cracking with age. Cracks or deep wounds may facilitate the development of infections. Calluses are thickened skin that may also form on the toes.

Where to Expect Foot Cracks

Though cracks in the skin may arise anywhere on the body, the most common is area is the rim of the heel and web of toes. This also happens to be the most frequently or constantly used part of the body. Dry skin and psoriasis are common causes of cracked heels.

Most foot problems arise due to neglect and oversight with regard to foot care. Cracked feet, corns and other common feet ailments are treatable and easily avoidable.

Avoid Infections

Cracked heels are not a harmful in anyway except when the fissures or cracks are deep. Over time, the cracks tend to become painful, and the skin begins to bleed.

This could lead to infection. This situation is avoidable. However, those already suffering from chronic ailments, such as diabetes or a low immune system, may experience more problems than people who have general good health.

Athlete’s Foot is also a common cause culprit of cracked heels.

There are several types of Athlete’s Foot that may contribute to cracked heels

• Toe Web Infection
• Moccasin Web Infection
• Vesicular Web Infection

Each of these common infections will be explained thoroughly in the causes section of this article.

Not only will attention to the feet reduce the chances of contracting Athlete’s Foot and other awful skin conditions, foot care may also release stress and remove toxins from the body.

Sufferers from arthritis, fatique and hyperglycemia may benefit from foot care, as well. Foot care will also enhance the person’s beauty. Most individuals become self conscious when attempting to wear sandals with cracked heels.

By maintaining proper moisture on the feet, individuals will feel confident about wearing sandals that expose the feet. Cracked heels will draw unwanted attention to feet and detract from an individual’s overall appearance. Podiatrists recommend focusing on the foot care each day or once per week to maintain a healthy appearance.

Alternative Names

Cracked heels are medically referred to as heel fissures. The wounds are linear and superficial in most instances. This becomes a problem when the cuts are deep into the dermis and become painful. Cracked heels may also indicate a zinc or omega-3 fatty acid deficiency.

Cracked heels may also occur due to Athlete’s Foot. Athlete’s Foot is often referred to as “tinea pedis.” This term describes an infection of the skin that may crack, scale, flake or itch. The infection is fungal and may also be referred to as the ringworm of the foot.

The fungus is in the Trichophyton family. Most individuals contract the fungus through the feet, but the disease may spread to other areas of the body. The fungus may also spread to the groin area. The fungus thrives in moist and damp areas.

Therefore, it is most often contracted in areas, such as showers or bathhouses, where people walk around barefoot. The best way to prevent Athlete’s Foot is through good hygiene. Pharmaceuticals and other treatments are available to cure the fungus once contracted.

Symptoms

Individuals suffering from cracked feet will notice small tiny lines in the feet. This marks the beginning of dry, cracked heels. In the case of Athlete’s Foot,

the symptoms may be any of the following

• Cracking
• Scaling
• Flaking
• Itching
• Splitting Skin
• Blisters

Individuals experiencing these symptoms should seek a physician or treat with an antibiotic. Several over the counter creams are available.

Other symptoms may be specific to the type of Athlete’s Foot contracted.

Some of the related symptoms to Athlete’s Foot are listed below

Toe Web Infection

When an individual contracts a toe web infection, then the skin will often turn moist or pale white. The feet may itch, burn, and develop an odor. As the condition worsens, the skin between the toes will crack, peel and become scaly.

If the condition gets even worse, a bacterial infection may also develop which may cause the skin to break down further. The skin may also blister or form a vesicular infection. The condition may spread to the lower leg. Most toe web infections will respond well to treatment.

Moccasin Web Infection

This type of infection begins with dryness, itching, burning, scaly skin, or minor irritation. Over time, the condition causes the skin to thicken and the heels to crack.

In some instances, toe nails may fall off after they become infected. Before the nail falls off, the nail will thicken and crumble. If the infection is persistent, it may often return if not treated. Good personal hygiene will prevent the disease from returning. Most of these infections are chronic and may be difficult to treat.

Vesicular Web Infection

These infections begin with an outbreak of blisters. The feet may suffer from inflammation and become red in appearance. Blisters may erupt again after the initial infection. Bacterial infections may develop if the condition is left untreated. This type of condition frequently develops when a toe web infection is left untreated. Blisters may also appear on the palms and fingers. These types of infections do respond well to treatment.

If the condition spreads to other parts of the body, the disease is no longer referred to as tinea pedis. The fungus will be called astinea corporis, which afflicts the body. Alternatively, if the fungus spreads to the groin area, it is referred to as, tinea cruris or “jock itch” or “dhobi itch.” Onychomycosis is the name of the fungus if it spreads to the toe nails.

Causes

Some individuals suffer dry, cracked heels due to poor hygiene. The person may not exfoliate daily or moisturize well enough.

Additionally, it could occur because the person is not drinking enough water. Each of these factors may contribute to dry, cracked heels.

Individuals are recommended to moisturize the feet with a heavy cream and scrub daily. Petroleum jelly or other moisture rich products designed specifically for the heels may help.

Cracked heels may also indicate a deficiency in zinc and omega-3 fatty acids.

Athlete’s Foot may be contracted from moist, damp areas, such as a bath house or shower. It may also be contracted by sharing towels or shoes with someone who has Athlete’s Foot. Tinea pedis develops in a variety of ways. The fungus may also be treated in a variety of ways. To determine the cause and treatment, identify the type of Athlete’s Foot the individual is experiencing.

Some of the most common types of Athlete’s Foot are listed below

• Toe Web Infection
• Moccasin Web Infection
• Vesicular Web Infection

Other causes include

• Psoriasis
• Eczema
• Thyroid Disease
• Diabetes
• Age
• Shoes that do not fit properly
• Climate-related dry skin
• Vitamin deficiency, such as minerals or zinc
• Standing for excessive periods of time
• Heels that drag or hang over the side of sandals

Risk Factors

In general, cracked heels do not pose any risk factors as long as an fungal infection has not developed. Untreated cracked or dry heels may lead to a variety of problems.

Some of these problems may include the following

• Development of a chronic fungal disease that is difficult to treat
• Deep wounds may develop and bleed
• Fungus may spread to undesirable places on the body, such as groin area and the lower extremities
• Infection may set into the open wounds
• May be an indicator for a low immune system
• Infections such as diabetes may increase the risk for cracked heels
• Walking barefoot, sharing towels, and showering in public places with no protection on the feet may increase the risk for contracting the fungus

Seniors and people who stand on their feet frequently are most at risk for cracked heels. The condition may affect both the heels or one heel depending upon the origin of the stressor. Those who frequently shower in public places or walk barefoot are at risk for Athlete’s Foot.

Prevention Tips

Athlete’s Foot is spread from person to person. Thus, the disease is considered communicable. Since the disease is caused by the parasitic fungus, Trichophyton, individuals should take extra precautions to avoid the disease. Because the disease is a fungus it can spread easily from the feet to other areas of the body. Good hygiene is always the first step of prevention.

To avoid contracting Athlete’s Foot or developing dry, cracked heels, individuals must take the following precautions

• Avoid walking barefoot in public areas
• Avoid taking showers in public areas without proper foot protection, such as shower shoes or flip flops
• Do not share towels with other individuals
• Do not share shoes with other individuals
• Moisturize the feet with a heavy cream daily
• Remove dead skin with an abrasive, such as a pumice stone, foot scrub, or loofah
• If you contract a fungal disease, use the medication or antibiotic for the prescribed period of time
• If the fungus is not cured after the medication, seek the help of a physician
• Wear shower shoes

To prevent fungal spread in the home, individuals should take the following precautions

• Spray the tub and bathrooms with disinfectants each use to avoid the spread of the fungus.
• Launder towels, sheets, socks, underwear and bed clothes in hot water to kill the fungus.
• Change towels and bedsheets at least once per week
• Do not share towels with other household members
• Use a separate towel when drying areas that are infected
• Wash feet between toes with soap and water
• Dry feet thoroughly after showering
• Treat feet and shoes with over the counter drugs

Other prevention tips

• Limit the amount of sweat on the feet
• Wear well ventilated shoes
• Keep feet dry
• Wear lightweight cotton socks to reduce sweat, moisture wicking polyester socks with anti-microbial properties are the best
• Wash socks in hot water
• Wear a different pair of shoes everyday to keep feet dry
• Replace sole inserts in sneakers frequently
• Replace old sneakers and exercise shoes
• Wash with a soap that contains an antimicrobial and antifungal agent
• Regularly soak feet in vinegar and water
• Change socks frequently
• Use foot powders and antiperspirants

In general, people who have a genetic predisposition to dry, cracked feet should exfoliate regularly to remove dead skin and calluses. Use creams with alpha or beta hydroxy acids. Alternatively, urea also helps to remove dead skin. Creams with dimethicone penetrate the epidermis. This provides a protective layer to the skin which seals in the moisture.

Smelly feet often accompany dry, cracked feet. Smelly feet are not attractive. There are over 250,000 sweat glands in each foot that contribute to sweat and smelly feet. According to physician, Issac Tabari, smell is caused by “bacterial decomposition of excessive perspiration.” Companies have developed sprays and foot pads to combat sweating and odor.

Some of the popular drugs that assist with this common problem are as follows

• Dimethicone : Decreases moisture, sweat and therefore, fights Athlete’s Foot
• Triclosan: Eliminates odor causing bacteria through an antibacterial agent
• Chlorhexidine digluconate: Eliminates odor causing germs through an antibacterial agent
• Grillocin: Neutralizes foot odor
• Menthol: Masks odor through a cooling agent

Test and Diagnosis considerations

Athlete’s Foot can be diagnosed by a physician, dermatologist, pharmacist, or general practitioner. During diagnosis, the physician will physically inspect the skin to determine the cause of the cracked, dry skin. If the physician suspects the condition may be eczema or psoriasis, the physician may inspect the skin under a microscope with a potassium hydroxide mixture.

This test is often referred to as the KOH test. The physician will scrape the affected areas of the skin and inspect them under the microscope. The test usually yields an excellent positive predictive value. A biopsy may also be taken in order to evaluate for histological examination.

Treatment Options

Herbal and Home Remedies

• Apply cracked creams on your heels and drink a plethora of water.
• Eat foods rich in Vitamin E: Cereals, green vegetables, nuts, wheat germ, and nuts
• Eat food with Calcium and Iron: Yogurt, ice cream, meat, chicken and fish
• Eat foods rich in Zinc: Oysters, chicken, kidney beans, yogurt, crab
• Eat food rich in Omega-3 fatty acids: Fish, flaxseed oils

Tea tree oil may provide relief from itching. This is primarily due to its relation in the histamine response.

However, the treatment of Athlete’s Foot with tea tree oil has not been proven to entirely relieve symptoms. Further studies are being conducted to determine the evidence conclusively.

Onion extract has been proven to be effective in conditions against the Trichophyton fungus. A 3 percent solution is the recommended concentration of the onion extract. Ajoene is a compound found in garlic. The popular compound is often used to treat Athlete’s Foot. Boric acid is often applied in socks to prevent Athlete’s Foot. The treatment is effective for recurring infections.

Additional Treatment Options

Putting baking soda on the feet or sprinkling baking soda in the shoes changes the pH and alleviates symptoms associated with dry, cracked heels. Baking soda also eliminates odor. Epson salts will also soothe the feet if several tablespoons are applied to warm water. The salt will also loosen the dead skin and aid in the removal of dead skin.

Ionic foot spa is purported to remove toxins from the body. This is accomplished through electrolysis that removes toxins from the body by opening pores. The toxins are released into the water. Apply a banana to the dry or cracked area of the heel. Leave the substance on for 10 minutes and rinse. Soak feet in lemon juice weekly for 10 minutes until the feet are smooth.

Each day soak the feet in warm and soapy water. Then apply Vaseline and the juice of a lemon. Allow the mixture to absorb overnight while wearing socks. Apply glycerin and rose water daily.

Pharmaceutical

Severe fungal infections may require that individuals take oral anti-fungal medication in order to alleviate or cure the symptoms. The most common ingredients in prescription anti-fungal drugs include ketaconazole, itraconazole, naftifine, and nystatin.

Topical ointments may come in the form of a spray, powder, cream or gel. Most of the over-the-counter drugs contain miconazole nitrate in a 2 percent concentration and tolnaftate in a 1 percent concentration. Terbinafine is also a common over-the-counter drug. Zinc oxide based diaper rash ointment may also alleviate the symptoms. Talcum powder may also absorb moisture to fight infection.

Those who desire a topical treatment should not simply select an anti-itch ointment. These ointments may promote moisture and exacerbate the condition. Experts recommend the use of gels instead of creams for application of topical treatments. Lamisil and naftin both are available in a gel that penetrates the skin more rapidly than creams.

Resources

EverydayHealth.Com

Diabetes.WebMd.Com

MedicineNet.Com

Body Rash

Dermatitis is a general term that covers a wide spectrum of different skin rashes. From an irritant as simple as laundry soap to a rash incurred by brushing up against a coral reef on a deep-sea dive, they all fall under the same category.

Broken down into basics, a rash is an abnormal reaction of the skin to a condition. That condition could be as simple as a diaper rash or be an indication of a more serious underlying disease. A rash can occur from stress, infection, plants, insects, allergies, or inflammation. It is a symptom and a primary cause.

Rash Occurences

A rash can happen to any culture, population or age group. It can appear quickly and disappear just as fast. It can happen fast and furious or take a long time to appear on the surface of the skin.

It accompanies childhood infections, infestation of parasites, such as head lice, and chronic illnesses. It can be an escort for menopause, Lyme disease or methamphetamine abuse. It can be a clanging alarm alerting the doctor of diabetes, meningitis or toxic shock syndrome in women.

Categories of Rashes

However, broadly speaking, there are five subcategories that may help diagnosis and treat a skin rash.

Atopic dermatitis, commonly known as eczema, which is a chronic itchy rash that is sporadic in nature.
Neurodermatitis, a rash caused by irritants such as detergent or an allergy-inducing substance like poison oak.
Perioral dermatitis occurs mainly around the mouth as a bumpy, red rash. Seborrheic dermatitis, a common rash that appear on the face and scalp. It is the root cause of dandruff of the scalp.

Stasis dermatitis, a rash caused by buildup of fluid under the skin, primarily on the legs.

While many professionals say that dermatitis is not a life-threatening or contagious disease, it is scant comfort when all you can think about is scratching and finding relief from a rash that can keep you from focusing on anything else. Many forms of dermatitis can share the same characteristics and make them difficult to diagnosis.

Common symptoms include

• Itching, often the primary complaint of a skin rash.
• Redness
• Skin lesions, white, red or oozing bumps that may feel prickly, hot or uncomfortable.
• Swelling, which can make skin feel tight, tender and sensitive to clothing.

If that were not confusing enough when trying to find a solution for an inflammatory rash, irritants that cause the initial outbreak often categorize dermatitis. The following section combines both categorizations of a rash along with simple treatment options.

Allergic dermatitis (Neurodermatitis)

This condition is rather straightforward in its causal origin. It is a rash that develops with allergies. It can take on any appearance, white or red, bumpy or smooth, dots, and spots or appear over a large area. The number one symptom is itching.

It can greatly affect individuals who suffer from asthma or hay fever and can actually be a genetic predisposition handed down through a family line. It usually starts in infancy, peaking in the childhood or teenage years, and then abating as an individual reaches maturity.

It is nearly impossible to become allergic to these substances as an adult if there is no evidence of an infancy or childhood onset. Allergic dermatitis is attributed to a breakdown in either autoimmune deficiency or genetic predisposition.

Contact dermatitis (Neurodermatitis)

This is a condition that is an allergic outcome to common factors such as soap, detergent, chemical cleaning products, metal, perfumes, dyes and cosmetics. Even some antibiotic creams can cause a contact dermatitis because of the ingredients in the product. This is another form of neurodermatitis that can take on almost any form and is again characterized by itching as the primary symptom.

An allergic reaction to a product will cause contact dermatitis to flare significantly faster than contact with a chemical or substance that builds up over time. Exposure to poison oak or poison ivy falls in this category because it is the contact with the plant that causes irritation to the skin.

Simple Treatment Options

• Antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications
• Antihistamines
• Covering the affected area to prevent scratching.
• Hydrocortisone or steroidal lotions and creams
• Wet compresses

Eczematic Dermatitis (Atopic)

This dermatitis has an underlying condition that causes the rash to appear. Eczema, psoriasis, a chronic irritation or dry skin are the common culprits in this category of dermatitis. The outbreak is generally confined to the extremities or limbs, such as the ankles, arm or forearm, wrist and the nape of the neck.

On rare occasion, it will appear on the torso but it is highly uncommon. Its main symptom is itching, which is worse at night. The developing rash is red, patchy and can develop fluid-filled sores that ooze or crust over. Or it can exhibit a scaly, dry, rough skin texture that may toughen over time from constant scratching.

Simple Treatment Methods

• Healling infection prone cracks in the skin
• Mild astringents with wet dressings>
• Light therapy
• Antihistamines

Glandular dermatitis (Seborrheic)

This condition is caused by an overproduction of oil by the sebaceous glands. It produces a red rash, with yellow or white flakes and scales. It occurs most often on the scalp and is common for people with oily skin or hair. It can be a seasonal affliction when a systemic flare up of symptoms is caused by factors of the different seasons. Possible external causes may be neurological afflictions such as Parkinson’s disease, travel and stress. Infants can suffer a form of this dermatitis known as “cradle cap.”

Simple Treatment Methods

Medicated shampoos containing tar, salicylic acid, pyrithione zinc and ketaconzaole
Hydrocortisone creams for non-scalp eruptions
Antihistamines

Circulatory dermatitis (Stasis)

This form of dermatitis is caused by an accumulation of fluid in subcutaneous tissues of the legs. It is caused by a slow return of blood to the heart from the leg veins.

The extra edema in the tissue affects the body’s ability to moisturize and nourish the skin and places extra pressure on the skin itself. Known causes of this dermatitis are varicose veins, chronic infections and poor circulation. It can present itself with swelling in the legs, itching, thin skin, open sores, discoloration of the skin resulting in reddish brown discoloration or violet-colored lesions.

Simple Treatment Methods

• Elastic support hose
• Varicose vein surgery
• Wet dressings for infection control
• Antihistamines

Oral Dermatitis (Perioral Dermatitis)

This form of dermatitis is centered around the nose and mouth. It is characterized by a rash that is red, and slightly bumpy. It is one of the few rashes has only mild itching or burning associated with it. However, it can spread up to the eyes if rubbed and then transferred to the eyes. It occurs most frequently in women and may come and go for a long time.

Simple Treatment Methods

• A mild corticosteroid cream
• Limit tartar toothpaste use to once a day

Homeopathic and Home Remedies

Many mild rashes can be helped by simple solutions. Cold compresses or washes can alleviate the redness, tenderness and inflammation of the rash. A simple paste of baking soda and water can be applied to the affected area for relief of itchiness.

Aromatherapy & Oils

Aromatherapy can be extremely effective in the lessening of rash symptoms. One of the best conduits for essential oils is a salve that already contains comfrey or calendula. On the other hand, you can use a base cream of non-toxic glycerin and aloe vera and mix 15 drops of essential oil into one ounce of salve. Mix and apply to the affected area.

Essential oils that have been shown to be beneficial are birch, chamomile, lavender, peppermint (for itching), rosemary, tea tree. Tea tree is very effective as an antiseptic bringing relief to those sufferers of eczema and other secondary skin infections.

Additional Home Remedies

Other home remedies include applications of chamomile, evening primrose oil or doses of cold-pressed flaxseed oil. Try a crush of vitamin C tablets and water directly on skin. This may cure many rashes because of the vitamin’s antioxidant properties.

Bach Flower Remedies has a cream that contains essences of Clematis, Impatiens, Rock Rose, Star of Bethlehem, Cherry Plum & Crap Apple. It is an excellent cream for mild rashes, razor burns and diaper rash.

Acupuncture

Acupuncture has also been proven highly effective at treating underlying conditions that may cause a rash. There are protocols and techniques that have brought substantial alleviation of dermatitis and the skin eruptions that accompany it.

Acupuncture may provide immediate relief from itchy, hot skin built up by a histamine reaction. Since acupuncture treats the root cause of a rash, over time the manifestation of skin conditions can abate entirely.

Complications

Any of these forms of dermatitis can be a sign of an underlying disease. Meningitis, diabetes, chicken pox, measles, toxic shock syndrome, menopause and rheumatoid arthritis are all conditions where individuals can suffer an irritating rash.

Other complications can arise as the result of a dermatitis outbreak. Impetigo is open sores and fissures that can become infected. Cellulitis is red streaks that appear on your skin and are warm, red and tender to touch. Both of these complications indicate an underlying bacterial infection and a doctor should be seen as soon as possible. Scarring, scaling and skin thickening can also be long-term effects of a skin rash.

When to See the Doctor

There are times when a rash is painfully severe or the complications so uncomfortable that it is best to seek medical attention. If your skin is painful to the touch, infected, or you are miserable to a point that you cannot perform activities of daily living or you are losing sleep, see your doctor.

Your doctor will either treat you for the condition or refer you to a specialist known as a dermatologist. An expert medical opinion will consider triggers, options, treatments and tests to determine the best course of action.

Visting the Doctor

The doctor will take a complete history, noting allergies, types of laundry products, cosmetics and lifestyle is ascertaining the cause of the skin condition. It is helpful for you to take a list of anything that may prove to be relevant in your everyday life, work environment and hobbies. Don’t be afraid to ask questions. The more informed you are the better choices you will make.

The resulting diagnosis will lend itself to the proper treatment for your type of dermatitis. The doctor will probably tell you to continue the wet dressings and cold compresses at home. He may add a prescription strength hydrocortisone or steroidal cream. He may prescribe anti-anxiety or Immunomodulator drugs, a non-steroid medication.

Treatment Costs

The costs for dermatitis control and eradication can be expensive if there is a long-term or chronic element in the equation. Nominally, the costs of over-the-counter creams, lotions and soaps will not be prohibitive especially if they are replacing a more inflammatory product that you previously used.

The highest cost of dermatitis therapy will be the cost of the initial doctor visit and the subsequent follow-up, especially if patch tests are employed to determine the cause of a rash. Acupuncture sessions can run anywhere from $50.00 to $250.00 per session depending on the location and the technique used in treatment. Homeopathic treatments, lotions and creams will cost about the same as other over-the-counter salves and ointments.

Prevention

To help avoid skin irritations in the future, there are simple rules that can be followed.

Eliminate trigger elements. Wear gloves when performing household chores and handling products with chemical irritants. Change personal and cleaning products to non-toxic and organic cleaners, cosmetics and hair care supplies. There are several great products on the market today for both home and personal use.

Bathing Products

Eliminate soap. Soap is a drying agent and can aggravate skin irritations and rashes. Use a pure glycerin or shea butter product for bathing and hand washing.

Use colloidal oatmeal in a cool or warm bath. This is a soothing relief for hot, swollen, itchy skin.

Lotions & Scratching

Use traditional lotions such as Calamine. These products have been used for years for their cooling effects and can have a high success rate.

Do not scratch. If the temptation is too great, wear comfortable, thin cotton gloves, especially at night. The gloves will prevent any possible infection from microscopic bacteria under the fingernails.

Apply cool, wet compresses. You can add a couple of drops of lavender or tea tree oil to the compress for added relief.

Sunscreen and Moisturizing

Use sunscreen. Extreme heat and sweating can make your rash seem ten times worse than it is. Take cool showers and exercise in the evening,

Bath less often. Too much bathing can actually dry out the skin, leaving it prone to scaling, flaking or cracking. Dry off completely, patting your self dry with a towel.

Moisturize your skin. Products like Aveeno and Eucerin carry a line that combats elements that cause dermatitis. Use natural products made only of shea butter for lubricating the skin.

Lifestyle Changes

Avoid processed foods that can contain additives and preservatives that can aggravate your rash. Wash all organic food before eating or food preparation.

Up your water intake. This can help nourish the skin and flush out toxins. Increase your portions of foods high in Omega-3s. These foods contain properties that help heal the skin.

Conclusion

Rashes are an inconvenient truth in every person’s life. Almost of all of us will experience a rash sometime in our life. With the tips presented here, you have a very good chance of alleviating the itchy, swelling purgatory of a person who only wants to scratch.

Resources

Children.WebMd.Com

EverydayHealth.Com

Mayoclinic.Com