Chafing is a very common problem that touches almost all people. Chances are that nearly everybody is familiar with what chafing is and has experienced it at some point in life. Though it is very annoying to have to deal with chafing, it is more of a discomfort than a serious medical problem in most cases. It is relatively simple to prevent chafing and even easy to remedy once it has become a problem. It is very rare that chafing seriously harms anyone.

By definition, chafing is almost more of a symptom of other problems than it is its own medical dilemma. It is a symptom of diaper rash, jock itch, and many other rashes. However, chafing is a problem in and of its own right for many people, and is not as severe as the rashes and conditions it is a symptom of. Chafing is the rubbing of the skin against something (clothing, other skin, etc.) in such a way as to cause friction. This action wears down on our outer-most protective layer of skin and it becomes sore and irritated as a result. Luckily, this is as easy to prevent as it sounds!

Symptoms

Symptoms of chafing may include skin that has turned pink or even red in more severe cases. Chafing usually becomes suddenly apparent to those affected via a burning sensation or stinging around the chafed area. The skin that has been subject to chafing will very likely be flakey and worn thin at the least and worn off entirely in the worst cases.

Causes

The cause of chafing is easy to understand. Basically, any kind of rubbing against the skin can irritate it and thus create chafing. This means there are many different things that can lead to chafing.

Literally any activity that calls for constant skin-on-skin rubbing can cause chafing. The same goes for any activity that causes the skin to rub against an object or repeatedly be rubbed by the fabric of clothing. The possibility for and severity of chafing only becomes worse when moisture is added.

Risk Factors

Those who are most obviously at risk for chafing are the highly physically active and the overweight, two groups who would normally have not much in common. In the case of athletes, any kind of poor fit in uniform can cause the skin to rub against the fabric of the uniform and cause chafing. As mentioned before, introducing moisture to the equation only intensifies chafing and makes it worse. Athletes tend to work out quite a bit and sweat profusely while doing so.

In overweight and obese people, skin often rubs against other skin in situations where people of average weight would not have to worry about this. The most common example of this is the fact that overweight people have much more thigh-on-thigh contact and thus rubbing and friction than does an average person. Though this is more prevalent in those who are overweight, it can happen to anybody.

Overweight Risk Factors

Overweight people tend to become hot more quickly than smaller people and thus they sweat more easily. Athletes expect that they will produce large quantities of sweat and do so often, but it is impossible to predict when an overweight person might unexpectedly sweat and create an uncomfortable rubbing that can only be alleviated by changing clothes. If this happens while the overweight person is busy with work, school, or any number of other things that could prevent him/her from changing clothes, s/he could be stuck with sweaty areas that are primed to cause some painful chafing throughout the day. Ouch!

Where Chafing Occurs

Common areas for chafing include the thighs, under arms, and breast area. In the thighs and crotch region, the chafing can occur because of thighs rubbing against one another or because of fabric rubbing against the upper inner thigh. This rubbing is caused by the person in question moving. Running, walking, peddling, etc. are all things that could cause thigh or crotch region chafing.

The same goes for the under arms. This area is so common because of the fact that so many activities require bodily movements that might cause chafing of the under arms. This happens when the inner arms rub against the sides of the chest. Physical exercises such as lifting weights, rowing, and repetitive aerobics can cause chafing, but there are many every-day activities that are repetitive in nature and can also chafe this area. Even an average desk job will have people reaching for papers often and passing things around!

Chafing around the area of the breasts is a problem for women especially though it is not limited to just women. The breasts themselves can rub against the skin of the chest and cause painful chafing if a proper bra is not worn, but wearing ill-fitted bras can cause chafing as well! The fact is that with such a huge range of activities that can cause skin to rub against other skin or against something else, it is a safe bet to say that any person who regularly moves around is at risk for chafing.

When To Visit The Doctor

In all reality, most chafing will never require any more than some tender loving care and rest time. However, chafing can be dangerous if it is not handled correctly. Chafing can end up being so severe that the skin becomes entirely rubbed away and what remains oozes blood and can become easily infected. Because chafing is so easy to handle and prevent, this should almost never happen, but it should not be taken lightly in cases where it does.

It is recommended that in cases where the rubbing, friction, or other cause of chafing is stopped and the chafed area does not improve within two days, medical help should be sought. The primary reason for this is that if there is no improvement, it is highly likely that the chafing has developed into something more than simply a skin irritation. The most common development is a fungal infection within the chafed area of skin. In reality this makes sense, as fungi thrive in moist and unclean areas such as those provided by athletes’ uniforms if they are not very thoroughly cleaned on a regular basis and kept clean.

Damaging Skin

Chafing erodes away the outer layer of skin that is vital to protecting a person’s skin (the largest organ in the body!) from harm. If the chafed area is not kept clean, a fungal infection could very easily occur. This is not cause for extreme alarm but it will take specific medicines to clear up and so should be discussed with a doctor. Be careful when trying to self-assess that the cause for persistently chafed skin is fungal; doing so can help a person be more frugal and avoid unnecessary medical costs, but if a fungal infection is not the reason for the lack of recovery, the medicines used to treat it could further irritate the chafing and create more problems.

Preparing For Appointment

If two to three days have passed and the chafing is not improving or is worsening, it is a good idea to make an appointment with a doctor and have it looked at. Mayo Clinic support staff have the following tips to help you prepare for the appointment. First, write down symptoms.

Being able to provide the doctor with a written report of what developments have happened and how long symptoms have persisted will ensure that neither one of you forgets anything potentially vital. Included in this written report should be any key personal information that relates to the chafing injury such as required movements that make it worse, anything that stresses it, etc.

With any doctor’s visit, a list of medical information should be made. Doctors always need to know what other medications or conditions their patients might be dealing with so that they do not prescribe treatments which interfere with them. It is very important that no key details are left off of the list. In addition to this, a list of questions can be written down so that no question is forgotten. For most people, getting an appointment with the doctor is not an immediate thing. There is a wait time between the request and the actual visitation. In this wait time, there are things that can be done to at least stop further chafing and possibly soothe the currently chafed area.

Treatments & Drugs

There are many very useful and effective over the counter medications for treating chafing and the fungal infections that can plague those who suffer from chafing. Chafed skin in and of itself is a very simple problem to solve. The first step is always to stop the chafing immediately. Whatever it is that is rubbing against the skin should be fixed so that it does not do so any longer. This will prevent further damage.

Basic Treatment

After the cause of the chafing is identified and stopped, the chafed area should be cleaned thoroughly by washing with a gentle anti-bacterial soap and a soft wash cloth. It is important to pick a gentle soap and use a soft washcloth because more stringent soaps and rougher washcloths can further irritate the chafing, which is the direct opposite of what should be achieved.

The next step is to cover the chafed area with gauze. Gauze is chosen because of its airy nature; it lets the chafed area get much-needed oxygen while minimizing contact between it and fabric or other objects. Gauze also tends to stay put more easily than other fabrics that could be used to cover the chafing, but it can be too loosely or tightly applied just as any other cover could, and in this case it could chafe the already damaged skin further. In order to prevent this, the person covering the chafed area should refrain from letting it come into contact with anything as much as possible.

This basic form of care should vastly improve most cases of chafing and the chafed skin will be fully healed or well on its way to it within a few days. If this is not the case, a trip to the doctor will usually identify a fungal infection as the cause for the continued symptoms. Fungal infections are very common and are not at all something to be extremely concerned about. In fact, most doctors will simply identify the infection and recommend an over the counter fungal treatment option. It is rare that prescription-strength medicines are needed to cure a fungal infection of any sort.

Dermatophyte Infections

“Dermatophyte infections” is the medical term that covers fungal infections. Three different fungi comprise the group of dermatophytes responsible for much skin disease in humans and animals. There are many different over the counter remedies for dermatophyte infections. Three of the most popular names in fungal infection treatment are Lamisil, Tinactin, and Lotrimin. All three are very powerful anti-fungal treatments but they have different active ingredients and work in different ways.

Lamisil’s main ingredient is terbinafine. Terbinafine is used to treat fungal infections of all sorts but is often specifically used against dermatophytes because it is especially effective against them.

Lamisil is available in tablet form (250 mg tablets) and in cream form. The cream version is an over the counter remedy while the tablet requires a doctor’s prescription to obtain. Overall, terbinafine is said to be quite a safe drug with very few side effects that arise only occasionally. These include the basic nausea, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, and loss of appetite. It is also non-volatile and does not enhance other medications or react badly with most of them.

Tinactin

Tinactin’s main ingredient is tolnaftate. It actually works much the same way as Lamisil. Both medicines work by blocking enzymes that allow the fungal intruders to grow and reproduce on the skin. Tolnaftate blocks a different enzyme than does terbinafine and is generally stated to be less effective but only by a slight margin.

Lotrimin uses clotrimazole as its main ingredient. Clotrimazole is known to alter the reactions of other drugs and is highly reactive with many. The effect could be that a particular drug is inhibited because of the use of Lotrimin, or compounded.

In addition to this, the side effects of Lotrimin are listed as irritation of the application area and potential redness and itchiness. If a patient is considering using an over the counter anti-fungal cream to treat chafing, it is important to be sure that no other medications (even those such as vitamins) are being taken simultaneously.

Alternative Medicines

There are a large number of alternative means of treating chafing. These will probably be what most people turn to, as chafing does not usually require advanced medical treatment. The first is to use Vaseline on areas that are chafed or in danger of chafing. Once a thin layer of Vaseline is in place to protect the chafing from infection, a layer of talcum powder can be applied over the top. Talcum powder sticks to the Vaseline and keeps it from sticking to clothing and also reduces friction. Cornstarch powder would also work, as would Noxema for applying directly to the skin.

Many people have recommended home-made pastes that will help cure current chafing and protect the skin from further chafing without having to stop activities entirely that may have caused it. One such remedy is zinc oxide paste. Applying this to areas that tend to chafe or are chafed will protect them from chafing and the paste itself does not easily come off so it will not stick to clothing. In order to wash it off, a washcloth soaked with olive oil must be used.

Homemade Lubricants

Another idea is a homemade lubricant made out of Vitamins A and D oil mixed with Vaseline, aloe, and Vitamin E cream. The Vaseline and aloe will soothe chafed skin and the vitamins help build the skin to prevent future chafing. Calendula oil is another popular natural choice. The oil is naturally anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-inflammatory and so is a prime choice to help heal chafing and keep skin from becoming more irritated. It is easily cleaned off with water and should be applied just after showering.

Prevention

Chafing is largely a preventable problem and there are many things that can be done to protect skin so that it never happens. The first is to stay hydrated. Dehydrated skin is dry and dry skin chafes much more easily. The second major tip is to make sure to wear clothing that is well-fitted without being either tight or loose.

Many people recommend looser clothing not realizing that having too much extra fabric can cause chafing just as surely as having not enough. Clothes should be neither very tight or very loose if it can at all be helped. Wearing clothing made up of natural fibers and cotton can also help, as they allow the skin to get oxygen and breathe more than do synthetics such as nylon. Regularly taking Vitamins A and C can be of help too, as A builds stronger skin and C helps prevent skin from damage.

Overall, treatment and prevention of chafing is very affordable and easy. There is no reason for people to suffer from the pain and discomfort of chafing, and taking proper steps to ensure this will lead to a chafe-free life.

Defective vision is defined as the inability to see things clearly due to physical problems with the eye. There are many reasons one may suffer from this malady, including genetic predisposition, physical injury, or even mental issues.

Over 150,000 people in the U.S. alone suffer from some form of bad vision, although many cases go undiagnosed or untreated. Easy to determine through a visit to an Optometrist or Ophthalmologist, vision problems are one of the leading sources of income for pharmaceutical companies through the sale of contacts, glasses, eye drops, and other similar products.

There are relatively few home remedies for defective vision once it has occurred in an individual, but fortunately, there are many things you can do now to prevent defective vision from developing. Take precautions now to help salvage your remaining vision and help keep your eyes as healthy as possible.

Alternative Names

Defective vision is known by many other terms, including “bad vision”, “bad eyes”, “blindness”, or “partial blindness.” Many people with bad vision refer to themselves as being “blind as a bat.” Defective vision is also classified by the type of eye disease or problem it stems from. These categories include:

Presbyopia: Defined as a difficulty focusing on objects that are close. Often affects people over the age of 40.

Cataracts: Common in elderly patients, usually defined by halos at night, cloudiness over the eye, poor night vision, blind spots, and poor peripheral vision.

Macular Degeneration: Common in those over 60, this includes general poor vision, wavy lines when reading, and appearance of faded colors.

Retinal Detachment: Causes by the retina detaching from the cornea, this is a serious eye disease defined by tiny particles floating across the eye, flashes of light or sensations of shade. This is a highly dangerous disorder and should be treated by a doctor immediately.

Optic Neuritis: Caused by inflammation of the optic nerve, which can come from infection or as a side effect of multiple sclerosis.

Nearsightedness: One of the most common forms of defective vision, this includes the inability to see things far away. Many people who use glasses or contacts suffer from nearsightedness.

Farsightedness: Similar to nearsightedness, this category includes people who have difficulty seeing things that are near to their eyes.

Astigmatism: Caused by an unusual curvature of the cornea, this eye disease supplants itself through blurry and unclear vision and is particularly difficult to correct with corrective eye products and lenses.

Symptoms

There are many symptoms of defective vision, some more serious than others. While most of these symptoms can apply to any or all of the typical eye diseases listed above, some of the symptoms only manifest themselves in cases of serious eye disorders and should mean an immediate visit to the doctor or emergency room.

Symptoms of eye defects include blurred vision, trouble reading small print, wavy vision, or temporary or permanent blind spots. Some people suffer from halos, which occur when things in the line of vision appear to have halos of light surrounding them. Other people suffer from sudden flashes of light or sensations of a window shade being pulled over their eyes.

Floaters are a symptom that makes patients think that there are tiny particles floating near their eyes. Eye pain is one of the more worrisome symptoms of eye defects and should be treated seriously. Eye pain that is severe could be a sign of detached retinas, corneal disease, or even a serious eye infection that could lead blindness.

Other symptoms of eye defects include watery eyes, itchy eyes, a heaviness of the eyelids, or a mild headache that is felt in the back of the eye cavity.

Causes

Different eye diseases and defects are caused by different things. The most common cause of any vision or eye defect known is genetics. Doctors have found sufficient links between heredity and poor vision, and it appears that people are more likely to have bad vision if their parents or other family members do as well.

Other causes of classic poor vision include sitting too close to a television or computer screen for extended periods of time, continually reading in a dim or inconsistent light, or lack of blinking that leads to eye dryness. Mental strain and stress can also lead to eye defects.

Eye infections can be a serious but preventable cause of eye defects, and should be avoided by taking careful care to wash and clean eyes thoroughly after contact with bacteria. Other than situations in which your eye touches something foreign, washing should be avoided as tears and eyelids provide a natural source of protection from the elements.

Another of the main causes of eye problems is age. Aging takes a toll on all different parts of the body, and the eyes are no exception. Over 85% of American adults will experience some sort of defective vision at some point in their lives, many of them not until after age 60. As we age, our corneas and retinas become weaker and more prone to disease, and the other functions of the eyes also become harder for our bodies to carry out. Unfortunately, the older you are, the more likely it is that you will experience some sort of decrease in visual capability over time.

Risk Factors

There are some risk factors that can be pinpointed as pre-cursors to eye defects. The primary risk factor is a genetic or family history of poor vision, as this is one of the most sure-fire ways to predict future eye problems.

Unfortunately, this risk factor has no cure or prevention method. Other risk factors include sensitivity to light or a predisposition to eye infections, as both of these issues indicate a lowered immunity of the eye. Anyone who finds themselves using a computer for multiple hours a day, focusing in dim light often, or reading excessive amount also may be at risk to develop eye defects.

Prevention Tips

Many of the reasons people develop eye issues cannot be helped or prevented as they are products of genetic history or physical imperfections that accumulate over time. There are, however, ways you can invest in the continued health of your eyes, which makes it far less likely that you will develop defective vision later in life.

Some of the things you can do now to better protect your eyes for the future include ingesting some sort of Vitamin C every day, as well as Keratin, both of which are known to have positive effects on eyesight and eye health. Carrots and other fruit and vegetables contain high amounts of vitamins and nutrients that are important for visual health.

Another way you can protect your eyes is to always wear sunglasses and protective headwear, such as hats, when outside in the sun. The suns UVA and UVB rays are as harmful to eye health as they are to skin health, and should be avoided if possible. Eyeballs and the delicate parts of the inner eye are susceptible to burns from the sun just like other parts of your body.

Testing and Diagnosing

If you suspect you have some sort of defective vision, you should visit an Ophthalmologist or Optometrist for a complete eye evaluation. They will be able to tell not only if you have a vision defect, but if so, what type of treatment options are available to you.

One of the most common ways doctors test for poor vision is through a standard eye test. This usually consists of the patient reading a series of progressively smaller numbers or letters off of an eye chart.

Eye doctors also have special chairs designed to test the effectiveness of different degrees of lenses on your vision. These tests usually only take a few minutes and are often covered by health insurance. Most people find that it is a good idea for them to have their eyes checked by a doctor once a year.

Treatment Options

Herbal and At Home Remedies

There are no proven home remedies for defective vision. As previously discussed, there are many things one can do ahead of time to stave off or prevent future eye problems, but outside of visiting a doctor, there are few options for finding vision correction options.

If you believe you have acquired defective vision of some sort and wish to treat it at home first, try closing your eyes for long period throughout the day, or wearing an eye patch over one eye at a time. If dryness seems to be causing you distress, try to blink more frequently throughout the day to keep your eyes better moistened.

Pharmaceutical Remedies

Many people find the solutions they are looking for at the neighborhood pharmacy. While generally not as effective as those methods prescribed by an actual eye doctor, here are some of the options available for eye health at the drug store:

• Eye Drops – Oftentimes wetting or anti-histamine drops can solve a variety of eye issues that lead to decreased vision. Most pharmacies sell saline drops, a hygienic combination of water and sodium, that are meant to wet the eye. Try these drops if your symptoms seem to be more physical than internal.
• Over the Counter Glasses – Most pharmacies sell low-level prescription glasses that are meant to help with reading and various degrees of nearsightedness or farsightedness. These glasses are usually inexpensive and serve as a temporary correction for the symptoms and frustrations of mildly bad vision.
• Contacts – Once only sold in the hard variety, contacts are now available in soft, daily, and disposable form. Contacts are small prescription lenses that sit directly on top of the eye and correct defective vision. Some people find contacts uncomfortable while some people would have a hard time functioning daily without them. Contacts can only be prescribed by a doctor and require a great deal of care and hygienic maintenance.
• Glasses – If contacts are not an option, try glasses prescribed by a doctor. Glasses consist of prescription lenses, held together by plastic or metal, that rest on the bride of the nose and are supported by legs that sit over the ears. Many people find glasses uncomfortable or unfashionable, but they are one of the oldest and most trusted remedies for defective vision and can accommodate most types of poor vision. Even astigmatism, which is often untreatable through contacts, can be corrected by glasses.

Surgical Remedies

More popular in the last two decades, eye surgeries are becoming the wave of the future in eye health solutions. These surgeries are highly specialized and dangerous if not performed correctly, so make sure to visit a certified and experienced surgeon for all your eye surgery needs.

LASIK surgery is the most common vision corrective surgery on the market and works through the cutting of the cornea by a laser. The eye cells then re-grow a new layer which is not defective and this solves the vision problem. Other options besides LASIK include PK and Epi-LASIK, both forms of surgery designed to deal with issues such as thin corneas or dethatched retinas. Surgery is a recovery-intensive and expensive option, and should only be considered after much research and talks with a doctor.

Neuritis is essentially the inflammation of nerves in a specific area of the body. Neuritis causes pain and sensitivity in the affected area of nerve inflammation. A few of the most common sites in the body that tend to be frequently affected by neuritis is the eye or optic nerve, the feet and legs, alternately referred to as peripheral neuropathy. Peripheral neuropathy generally affects individuals with diabetes and multiple sclerosis.

The severity of pain associated with neuritis depends largely on the number of nerves affected as well as the location of in the body of the inflamed nerves.

Optic Neuritis

Optic Neuritis, also known as retrobulbar neuritis, is a common site for nerve pain and damage. Nerve inflammation in conjunction with optic neuritis causes pain and discomfort in the eye. When the eye moves, pain occurs due to the over-sensitivity of the optic nerve. Inflammation of the optic nerve can do more damage to the eye and vision than just discomfort. Partial or in some cases complete vision loss may occur with optic neuritis. When the nerves of the eye are inflamed, pressure tends to increase in the area behind the eye socket as well. This added pressure can cause a deterioration of the myelin sheath which acts as a protective layer coating the nerve.

Causes Of Optic Neuritis

The causes of optic neuritis vary, with the most common cause being that of an attack on the immune system which ultimately weakens and destroys the myelin sheath covering the nerve. Due to the uncertainty of why the immune system attacks itself, it is difficult to predict the underlying cause of the problem.

One of the most likely precursors of optic neuritis is multiple sclerosis. This disease unfortunately leads to vision problems in many cases. Optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis often go hand in hand. The rapid deterioration of the myelin sheath causes the nerves in the body, and in the case of optic neuritis, deteriorates the optic nerve.

Infections such as those that are of bacterial in origin, as well as lyme disease, HIV, and herpes have also been suspect as a cause for optic neuritis. A compromised immune system increases the chances of an individual developing neuritis due to the immune system being at the heart of nerve damage.

Additional Causes

Cranial arteritis is also suspect in causing optic neuritis. When the arteries supplying blood flow to the optic nerve and the eye are blocked or damaged, the chances of the nerves sustaining damage increases. Decreased blood flow can further injure an already weakened optic nerve.

Diabetes is also a common disease that increases the likelihood of optic neuritis. When the glucose levels of a diabetic remain constantly high, resulting nerve damage throughout the body, particularly in the extremities and the eyes may occur.

Certain drugs and medications are also potential causes of optic neuritis. An example of a drug that has been associated with optic neuritis as a side effect is ethambutol. Ethambutol is a medication that is frequently used in the treatment of tuberculosis.

Symptoms of Optic Neuritis

The symptoms often associated with optic neuritis are:

• Moderate to severe eye pain and discomfort
• Vision changes such as blurring or focus problems
• Loss of color vision

Very often, the symptoms of optic neuritis are indicators of multiple sclerosis. Individuals who seek medical attention for optic neuritis may subsequently be diagnosed with the condition following an examination and testing procedures.

Risk Factors Associated With Optic Neuritis

There are many risk factors associated with optic neuritis. Age is one of the risk factors of developing the disorder. As the body ages, the optic nerve tends to weaken and naturally lose some of the myelin that protects the nerves. The typical age of onset in optic neuritis is approximately 30 years.

Another risk factor involved in optic neuritis is sex. Women are two times more likely than men to develop this disorder over the course of their lives.

Race may also play a role in the likelihood of developing optic neuritis. Caucasians have a higher tendency than other races and ethnicities to develop the disease. Genetic mutations involving the optic nerve may also serve as a risk factor in this disorder.

Optic Neuritis Complications

One of the complications stemming from optic neuritis may include damage to the optic nerve which in some cases may be permanent. A decrease in visual acuity may also occur in an individual with optic neuritis. Studies indicate that up to ten percent of individuals suffering from optic neuritis will result in some amount of vision loss, usually long-term.

Diagnosis And Treatment Options

Diagnosing optic neuritis begins with a visit to an ophthalmologist who specializes in the internal disorders of the eye. The ophthalmologist may order tests such as an ophthalmoscopy in order to determine the structural soundness of the optic nerve and to detect any swelling and inflammation that may be present.

Pupillary light reaction tests may also be administered to measure the pupil’s response to light. Optic neuritis tends to damage the amount of constriction in the pupil in relation to light levels. Visually evoked potentials tests, as well as MRI scans may also be used to determine the presence of optic neuritis and the damage that may have resulted from the disorder.

A treatment option that may be employed for optic neuritis may include intravenous steroids, which helps quicken the restoration of a certain amount of visual loss that may have occurred due to the disorder. Other possible treatments include prescribing oral steroids such as prednisone may be administered. In certain cases, a procedure known as plasma exchange therapy may be of help in restoring some of the vision loss.

Peripheral Neuritis

The condition known as peripheral neuritis has a direct correlation to diseases such as multiple sclerosis and diabetes. This condition is usually referred to by healthcare professionals as peripheral neuropathy. The typical complaint of peripheral neuropathy sufferers is numbness and pain in the hands and feet. The symptoms are often described as a tingling or burning sensation and a loss of feeling to varying degrees. Peripheral neuropathy usually occurs in intermittent stages. Individuals suffering with the disorder find that the symptoms appear and subsequently disappear. The severity of the neuropathy also varies greatly during its occurrence.

Causes Of Peripheral Neuritis (Neuropathy)

There are several underlying causes of peripheral neuropathy. Some of the following are typical circumstances that surround this disorder are:

• Nerve trauma due to accidents and injury
• Excessive nerve pressure such as a pinched nerve
• Vitamin and mineral deficiencies
• Multiple Sclerosis
• Diabetes
• Viral or bacterial infection
• Heavy metal poisoning
• Autoimmune disorders
• Alcohol or drug addiction
• Kidney disease
• Liver disorders
• Spinal cord tumors

Many of the causes of peripheral neuropathy are diagnosed as a result of treatment being sought for the actual symptoms of neuritis.

Peripheral Neuritis (Neuropathy) Symptoms

The symptoms often associated with peripheral neuropathy include loss of sensation in the feet and/or hands, lack of coordinating extremity movement, numbing sensations that gradually increases over time, enhancement or loss of sensitivity to heat and cold, bowel and bladder incontinence, muscular pain, and possible paralysis.
Burning and pinching sensations are also common complaints in patients with peripheral neuropathy.

Typically with the progression of the disorder, the physical symptoms may spread to the entire length of the arms and legs in some cases.

Risk Factors Of Peripheral Neuropathy

The risk factors of peripheral neuropathy are a medical history of diabetes, autoimmune disorders such as HIV, Epstein-Barr disease, lupus, and multiple sclerosis. Kidney or thyroid disease, high toxin exposure, repetitive physical trauma or accident involving the spinal cord, as well as nutritional deficiencies may also raise the risk level of developing peripheral neuropathy.

Diagnosis And Treatment

Diagnosing peripheral neuropathy will begin with a description of symptoms, blood tests, and physical examination by a healthcare professional. Nerve biopsies and MRI scans are also common diagnostic tools in determining the existence of the disorder.

The typical traditional treatment options available for peripheral neuropathy include:

• Anti-depressants
• Narcotic and non-narcotic pain medications
• Anti-seizure medications which control nerve pain
• Lidocaine patches to the affected area

Natural Cures And Remedies For Neuritis

While both optic and peripheral neuritis have their own individual treatment regimens, both are caused by aggravated nerves which may benefit from similar remedies and natural pain relievers. Some of the best home remedies that lessen the pain and discomfort associated with neuritis include some very benign products that can be obtained from a local grocery or drug store.

Much research has been done regarding the benefits of the B-vitamin family of supplements for treating both types of neuritis. Pantothenic acid, B-12, and B-2 are essential in protecting and optimizing nerve function. Another popular home remedy that is helpful in the reduction of nerve pain is carrot and spinach juice. The vitamins and minerals found in both of the vegetables provide excellent antioxidant support for the nerve and the body as a whole.

Barley Brew

Barley brew is also a potent pain reliever in response to neuritis. Boiling the barley brew and mixing it with buttermilk and lime juice make for a tasty home remedy. Beet juice is also a wonderful vegetable that is filled with many essential vitamins that help promote healing and nerve restoration.

Epsom Salt

A proven remedy for neuritis flareups is the epsom salt bath. Epsom salt baths should be taken three times per week in order to calm aggravated nerves and relieve pain and discomfort associated with neuritis. An effective means of gaining strength and building up bodily endurance during neuritis flareups is exercise. Soya bean milk is another home remedy used in treating neuritis. The natural chemicals found in soya beans help improve nerve function and should be taken once daily, preferably at night before bed.

Exercise

While most people who suffer from this disorder would cringe at the thought of exercise during such bouts of neuritis, moving the body by moderate walking for twenty minutes per day can help lessen nerve pain. Mild to moderate physical activity helps strengthen the body and muscles and relieves discomfort due to the natural hormones that are released by the body during exercise. Proper stretching should be done before and after any exercise routine, even if the exercise is light. This is necessary in order to avoid muscle strain or injury which would only heighten the problems with neuritis.

Things To Avoid During A Neuritis Flareup

There are several things that sufferers of neuritis should avoid in order to lessen pain and discomfort as well as promote speedy healing. Cut back on or avoid the following items:

• Canned meats such as tuna and salted fish
• White refined breads and cereals
• Coffee
• Tea
• Caffeine products

The above items will only add to the complications of neuritis and should be avoided if all possible during a bout with neuritis.

Neuritis can be a debilitating illness that causes nerve pain and discomfort for sufferers. With the proper treatments, both with traditional and natural remedies, a pain free life may be enjoyed once again.

Dry, Peeling Skin: Causes, Prevention Tips and Cures

Peeling skin is a fairly common medical affliction that affects millions of people every year, and some are faced with the issue on a long-term basis. Skin may peel or dry skin can occur for a number of reasons and vary greatly in the level of severity. Besides being an annoying and often embarrassing problem, peeling skin can sometimes indicate that serious damage has occurred to the top layers of skin. In more rare cases, it can also indicate serious underlying medical conditions.

The following text is presented for educational and informational purposes only, and is no substitute for a diagnosis by a medical professional. If you are concerned about your skin or are experiencing troubling symptoms, see your doctor.

Here, explore some of the most common causes for peeling skin, and find out ways to both prevent and treat this condition. If the manifestation of skin problems turns out to be just one symptom of a more serious underlying condition, treatment for the related problem will likely help clear up any peeling.

Common Causes of Dry and Peeling Skin

Skin may begin to peel in relation to extreme dryness. In many instances of extreme skin dryness with peeling, sun exposure can be determined to be the main culprit. Sun exposure can cause skin irritation or damage even when sunblock is used.

This lapse in protection can occur when the exposure time is excessive, if the SPF value of the sunblock is less than 30, if the sunblock is not reapplied regularly or in rare cases where a person cannot tolerate any direct sunlight at all.

Sunburn & Heat Exposure

Sunburn is a major cause of sun-related peeling skin. After the initial injury to the top layer of skin cells from intense direct sunlight, the skin cells dry up, die and will eventually peel or slough off. Raw, painful skin may be revealed under the peeling skin if the damage extended beyond the very first layer, also called the epidermis. The “shedding” of old, damaged skin cells from the epidermis is a natural process when the skin is damaged, and may actually be a natural defense mechanism. To protect the body from damaged cells and allow new cells to generate, the old skin must die and fall away.

Heat exposure without sun is another common cause of peeling skin, increased dryness and other skin irritations. Sun and heat exposure can make skin appear red, itchy and feel hot long after the exposure occurs. Skin may blister in response to a severe sunburn or heat burn, and these types of burns should be evaluated by a doctor. After a period of blistering, usually two to five days, the deadened skin will peel away or “shed”.

Chronic Conditions & Chemicals

Certain chronic skin conditions, such as eczemas or types of dermatitis, can also result in peeling skin. Even babies can display scaly, flaking or peeling skin; this affliction is commonly referred to as “cradle cap”, and it is a type of childhood eczema. The condition has a medical name of seborrhoeic dermatitis, which is just a fancy way to describe yellowed, scaly skin that flakes off of an infant’s head. See possible treatments below.

Chemical exposure can also cause dry skin, and this is most evident on the hands of those who work with them on a regular basis. Even frequent hand washing or use of hand sanitizers, which are deemed necessary by most to prevent the spread of germs, are incredibly damaging to skin. This is especially true in people with sensitive skin. Seeking out soap and other products that won’t dry out the hands is a smart solution for those who must wash up more than five to ten times a day on a regular basis.

Fungi

Certain fungi, such as athlete’s foot, ringworm and jock itch, can also cause skin to slough or peel off. Staph infection and eczema also commonly result in the patient experiencing reddened, itchy, peeling or sloughing skin. These conditions should be treated by a doctor with an anti-fungal or antibiotic regimen to clear up the problem. They are unlikely to go away on their own and can turn serious if left untreated.

In many cases where skin irritation occurs without obvious cause, such as fungi, sunburn or other underlying medical conditions, a bit of peeling skin or dry patches may indicate nothing more than a need for a few lifestyle changes. Poor diet, inadequate water consumption, smoking, vitamin deficiencies, excessive alcohol intake, and, ironically, too much exposure to water can all lead to dry skin and other skin problems.

Serious Conditions

Sometimes, though, peeling skin and extreme dryness may be indicative of a much more serious medical condition. Some types of lymphoma and skin cancer will present with a list of symptoms that includes peeling skin, though only a doctor or other trained medical professional can make that determination.

In some rare diseases, such as with Kawasaki disease and peeling skin syndrome, dry skin and peeling can be a typical symptom. These diseases need to be treated and closely monitored by a medical professional.

Solutions For and Prevention of Dry and Peeling Skin

If a serious underlying medical cause can be ruled out, and peeling skin is just a bothersome, nuisance problem, it is likely a condition that can be treated at home. There are many simple ways to help heal damaged skin and actually begin to replenish moisture in skin at home.

Dry skin may be a result of simple dehydration. Getting started on an active regimen of six eight-ounce glasses of water daily for at least two weeks may markedly improve the feel and appearance of the skin. This is an easy and inexpensive way to try and solve problems with dry skin without a trip to the dermatologist.

Maintaining proper hydration is keenly important to the function of all organs of the body, and the skin is the largest organ of all. Furthermore, the skin is the only organ worn on the outside of the body, exposed to all sorts of external toxins and irritants on a regular basis. Air conditioning or incredibly hot weather outdoors in the summer months can cause dry skin, as can turning on the heater in the winter.

Using Moisturizers

Using a good moisturizer will dramatically improve conditions if the skin is already dry and damaged, and help prevent the problem from recurring. For those with sensitive skin, checking the labels of new body products for known irritants in the ingredients list can help them avoid making the problem worse. There are creams and lotions which have collagen and silicone as main ingredients, and these may help improve the condition of dry, chapped, peeling skin on the hands especially.

The Effects of Water

Cold water can help tighten pores and promote healing of skin cells, so turning the water to ‘cool’ toward the end of a shower may help with peeling and dried out skin. blotting skin after showering or swimming, as opposed to rubbing vigorously can help protect skin. Even a bit of olive oil rubbed into the skin once a week can help replenish skin tone, feel and texture, and may reduce itching, peeling and dryness.

Avoid excessively hot water, as well. While an occasional dip in a heated pool or hot tub is fine, taking scalding hot showers every day is not a good idea. Especially in areas with very dry weather, exposure to water of any kind on a daily basis may promote dry skin and peeling. Showering only every other day during a flare-up of dry or itchy skin and limiting the use of body products that may worsen the problem can help the skin’s moisture levels from being stripped each day.

Washing Daily & Oils

Skin produces natural oils, and these oils serve as a protectant as well as a conditioner. For those with overly greasy complexions, these oils may seem like the enemy. For someone with impossibly dry skin, however, the word “oil” is one of the nicest words in the English language. While many people may shudder at the thought of not washing up every single day, our skin wants a break now and then. Not showering doesn’t mean not washing parts that warrant daily washing, and it doesn’t mean not putting on fresh clothes. Especially with the advances of deodorants and perfumes, most people simply do not truly need a daily shower.

Contact a Dermatologist

If the dry skin and peeling is too painful or severe to treat at home, a dermatologist or a family doctor may be able to provide some other options. Some cases of dry, cracking skin are so resistant to less aggressive treatment that powerful steroid-infused ointments and lotions must be used, usually with some good measure of success. Pain medications can also be prescribed to help the patient handle the discomfort of a severe sunburn, chemical burn or heat related burn.

Home Remedies & Creams

At home, those suffering painful sunburns can take over-the-counter anti-inflammatory drugs such as naproxen and acetaminophen, and apply a topical aloe vera gel to the affected areas. Do not apply salves to blistered skin without a doctor’s recommendation.

Medicated steroidal creams, called corticosteroids, can help babies suffering from cradle cap and other types of dermatitis. While these creams have been shown to be effective, many doctors simply recommend washing the hair with baby shampoo and scrubbing the scalp gently with a washcloth every other day. Many doctors and mothers also recommend massaging baby oil into the scalp after washing baby’s hair. Out of baby oil? Try a few drops of olive oil from the pantry or mineral oil from the medicine chest instead.

Though some people may also claim petroleum jelly will help cure dermatitis of the scalp, the greasiness can actually contribute to the problem. If the condition appears to make the child fussy due to itchy or painful eczema, petroleum jelly will provide soothing relief. In cases where the scaly, yellow patches of crusty skin extend beyond the scalp or behind the ears, such as when they may appear on the child’s face, bother the child excessively, or if the condition has been getting worse over time, it is prudent to see a doctor.

When To Worry About Skin Conditions

Whenever skin is burned so badly that it blisters, if there is an unexplained rash that persists for more than a few days or gets worse, when unusual, new growths are noted or when severe pain accompanies any of the aforementioned, it is time to seek immediate medical attention from a qualified professional.

When possible, go to a skin doctor, or dermatologist, for any serious skin concerns, as this is their primary area of expertise. After all, a person wouldn’t go to a foot doctor for a tooth ache. Most general family practitioners are qualified to handle skin conditions, and you may need to visit one initially to satisfy the referral requirements to see a specialist under your medical insurance, but a dermatologist will likely be more up-to-date in the skin care field and in their knowledge of available treatment options.

A dermatologist will also likely be able to diagnose the root cause of any peeling skin from the onset, and this will help promote speedy but accurate treatment. If skin cancer is determined to be the cause of the symptoms, a skilled dermatologist will likely be able to immediately coordinate a treatment plan, and may refer the patient to an oncologist who specializes in the treatment of that particular cancer, if necessary.

Bruises are the visible result of a trauma that damages or burst the blood vessels under the skin. There are number of traumatic injuries which can cause bruising, most common are blunt or sharp force instrument traumas. Bruises can also appear as a result of a fracture of an extremity or surgical procedure.

Bruises are usually called contusions, when referenced by a physician or medical professional. The mechanism of a bruise is the bursting of capillaries or veins under the skin which allows blood to travel into the subcutaneous tissue and cause discoloration. Anytime the injury, or force trauma, is sufficient to break the skin it is then called a hemorrhage and no longer considered a contusion. In the case of severe injury, a hemorrhage will sometimes cause a bruise around the break in the skin.

Mechanics of a Bruise

In patients with normally functioning circulatory systems, it can take significant trauma to produce a bruise. In patients with blood disorders, certain cancers and other clotting problems bruises may appear with minor traumas. The trauma leading to a bruise can often cause pain; however, a bruise by itself is generally not a medical emergency. In certain situations bruising can be indicative of a fracture or severe internal injury and may require immediate professional medical attention.

The size and shape of a bruise does not always indicate the type of trauma or instrument that caused the injury. There are several factors that may affect the size, shape and extent of bruising:

• Gender. Women naturally carry more fat cells under their skin, subcutaneously, than men and are generally more prone to bruising.
• Age. As human age, skin tends to lose thickness and elasticity. Thinner skin is more susceptible to bruising to due even minor impact trauma.
• Location. In areas of softer tissue, and areas with a more extensive capillary system, bruising is often more prominent. Soft tissue can allow blood to spread further under the skin causing larger bruises. Areas, such as the face, bruise more extensively due to the number of capillaries that can be broken on impact.
• Genetics and skin color. Those with naturally lighter complexions tend to show bruising more noticeably.

Treatments for Bruising

Most minor bruising in normally healthy patients can be treated at home without the intervention of a physician or hospital visit. As with any home treatment of an injury, bruising must be treated correctly or it can be exacerbated. Bruising, even from minor trauma, can appear quite colorful as it deepens and then begins to heal. Some bruising injuries are not even felt by the patient and are only noticed when the area starts turning the characteristic black and blue of a fresh bruise.

Diagnosing the Bruise

The nature of bruises and the process by which they heal are the cause of the rainbow of colors that can be seen as a bruise appears and then subsides. The deep purplish red and blue coloration of a fresh bruise is caused by the gathering of blood under the skin. Prior to the broken blood vessel sealing itself and the blood flow coagulating, swelling can often be seen along with the deep coloration. As coagulation begins under the skin, the deepening of the bruised color will subside and begin to lighten.

Once the blood that has been released to the subcutaneous tissue decays, it will breakdown into its basic components and be removed through the bodies normal healing process. These basic components of blood are what cause the yellow, green and even gold of a healing bruise.

In normal instances of bruising, the fading colors do not indicate whether the blood vessel is healed or not. Usually the damage caused by the trauma has been repaired within the body well ahead of the color changes seen on the outer surfaces of the skin.

Treatment Options

There are several treatments that can be used to treat minor, normal, bruising. Standard rest, ice, compression and elevation can significantly reduce the extent of swelling and bruising to an injury. Ice should be applied, while the area is elevated, in twenty minute intervals, with twenties minutes between applications. Ice should never be directly applied to an injured area; it should always be in the form of a cold pack or ice wrapped in a kitchen or hand towel.

Instant Treatment

The immediate application of cold to the injury can cause injured blood vessels to constrict and the blood flow to coagulate, reducing the severity of the bruising. Compression should be used sparingly, as bandages are often applied to tightly to allow the natural swelling of an injury. Most recommendations indicate bandages should only be used to lightly hold an ice pack in place. Elevation can alleviate the speed of the blood flow into a bruised area and assist in the coagulation process inside the blood vessels.

If the injury is extremely painful within thirty minutes, exhibits significant swelling or immediate dark bruising the patient should be taken to their physician or the emergency room for an examination of the injury. This type of extreme swelling, bruising and pain may indicate a severe sprain or fracture of the injured body part.

Watch Out for Fractures

Fractures will cause immediate swelling and bruising, but not immediate pain. The pain from a fracture will generally make itself known within thirty minutes of the injury. This delay of pain is due to the body’s release of endorphins in response to a severe injury. Not all fractures will display immediate bruising, but most will. Severe sprains will also cause immediate swelling; however, unlike most fractures, sprains will be severely painful almost immediate following the injury.

Rest and Over the Counter Medicines

Once the immediate swelling has subsided, it is imperative the patient rest the area that has been damaged in order to prevent re-injury and more serious damage. Heat can be applied to ease any remaining pain in the area, though it should not be applied for more than twenty minutes at a time and not until at least three days after the occurrence of the injury. If even gentle heat is applied prior to the blood vessels healing themselves internally, additional blood can flow into the injured area and cause more extensive and painful bruising.

Over-the-counter pain medications are often helpful in alleviating the immediate pain of a traumatic injury. Patients should not use standard aspirin to alleviate the pain, as aspirin is a natural anti-coagulant and will cause blood flow to an injury to increase. The increased blood flow can irritate any bruising or swelling in an injury. Over-the-counter NSAIDS are safe to take to alleviate the pain of a bruising injury as they do not affect the body’s natural ability to coagulate blood.

Normal bruising, due to minor trauma or injury, is easily treatable in the home without a visit to a physician. Even with the ease of home treatment, patients with bruising should be watched for significant changes in the severity of the bruising or increasing pain in the injured area.

Effectiveness of Treatment

Bruising on the extremities will generally take longer to heal, due to the decrease in capillary and blood vessels in these areas. Additionally, bruising on the legs can sometimes seem to travel downward, toward the feet. This is due to simple gravity affecting the flow of the blood from an injury and causing it to travel downward.

While home treatment is often recommended, especially with bruising from minor trauma, bruises can take a significant amount of time to heal. It is rare for a physician to recommend any treatment beyond rest, ice, compression and elevation for a simple bruise. Depending on the patient’s natural ability to heal internally, bruising can take between two and four weeks to completely subside. During the healing process, the patient should take care not to re-injure the bruised area as this can cause additional risk internal damage.

Other Causes of Bruising

There are several medical situations that may cause bruising that is not related directly to a traumatic injury:

• Medication. Aspirin regimens and blood thinner are intended to prevent blood from coagulating and clogging arteries in the heart, brain and extremities. Dosages of these medications may need to be adjusted by the treating physician if the patient is experiencing excessive bruising. This can indicate the blood is not clotting at all and can be dangerous.
• Chronic inflammatory disease. Diseases that affect the circulation, such a lupus, can cause a patient to experience excessive bruising.
• Cirrhosis of the liver. The liver is a major part of the circulatory system and any defect or damage to the liver can affect blood vessels and cause excessive bruising.
• Cancer. Cancers that affect the circulatory system can cause blood to not clot normally and patients may experience excessive bruising.
• Malnutrition. Deficiencies in certain types of vitamins in the diet can cause excessive bruising and affect blood clotting.

Patients with unexplained bruising that occurs without significant injury or without the knowledge of the patient should talk to their physician about possible blood disorders. Children who appear to bruise easily or cannot easily explain how bruising occurred should be watched closely for other signs of possible abuse. Bruising in areas such as arms, face, upper back and neck can be an indication of abuse and not normal childhood injury.

Bruise Prevention

It is extraordinarily rare for anyone to go through life without experiencing an injury significant enough to cause a bruise. There are some who bruise more easily than others and some who are rarely seen with any type of bruising. Most daily activities bring the human body into contact with some object which can cause a bruise and most people don’t even notice small, minor bruises resulting from a bump or scrape with an encountered object.

Children are often the recipients of minor bruising injuries as they grow and learn coordination and object avoidance. In general, children receive minor injuries during normal play activities at school, at home and playing with other children. People who practice what is considered risky behavior such as participating in extreme sports or playing for professional or amateur sports teams tend to encounter circumstances that will cause injury and bruising.

Paying attention to surrounding and objects will usually allow a large segment of the population to avoid encountering injury that will cause bruising.

Bruises can be uncomfortable, painful and even unsightly. Even with the noticeable coloration and attendant pain, bruises are generally not life threatening and do not usually indicate a more serious underlying medical condition. If a patient is unable to avoid a situation that causes a minor injury resulting in a bruise, standard home injury treatment can alleviate the pain, discomfort and swelling. Care must be taken not to exacerbate the injury, or the bruising, and within a few weeks the bruising will subside and disappear.

Causes and Cures for Bacterial Vaginitis

Bacterial vaginitis is a condition that occurs in the vagina and causes irritation, inflammation and vaginal itching. Mainly caused by the three most common vaginal infections and diseases, vaginitis affects many women of childbearing age each year. As many as 75% of adult women will report an incidence of vaginitis in their lifetimes.

Some of the most common causes of bacterial vaginitis bacterial vaginosis, yeast infection and trichomoniasis.

Bacterial vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis is caused by an imbalance in the naturally occurring bacteria normally present in the vaginal tract. Under normal circumstances, there is an equal distribution of good bacteria (lactobacilli) and bad bacteria (anaerobes) in the vagina. Vaginosis is a result of an overgrowth of bad bacteria that overtake the good bacteria and cause infection.

Symptoms of Bacterial Vaginosis

Many women who contract bacterial vaginosis will not exhibit symptoms. Others will experience a strong, fishy odor accompanied by vaginal discharge. The discharge is usually white in color, but is sometimes grayish and thin. Most women will notice this increase in discharge immediately following sexual intercourse.

Bacterial vaginosis, in and of itself, is not a life-threatning condition. However, it can be indicative of a woman’s tendency to be susceptible to more serious diseases such as HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections. Women who are diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis have a higher chance of developing these infections than women who are uninfected.

Risk Factors for Bacterial Vaginosis

There are several risk factors that cause a woman to be susceptible to contracting bacterial vaginosis.

A woman who has had bacterial vaginosis in the past is most likely at risk for recurrence

• New or multiple sexual partners
• Cigarette smoking
• Vaginal douching

Other activities that introduce foreign bacterial into the vaginal tract put a woman at risk for developing this condition. Bacterial vaginosis is not commonly thought to be sexually transmitted, although sexual activity can present an added risk factor. Bacterial vaginosis may also develop in women who have never been sexually active.

Prevention

Lifestyle changes are most effective in preventing incidences of bacterial vaginosis. The following behaviors help prevent bacterial vaginosis.

• Rinsing the vaginal area with clean water after bathing prevents the introduction of irritants into the vagina.
• Wearing cotton underwear instead of synthetic fabrics protects the vaginal area and allows breathability.
• Wiping from front to back after a bowel movement will avoid transferring feces into the vagina.
• Avoiding douching, which has the tendency to upset the ph balance in the vaginal tract.

Tests and Diagnosis

The first step in diagnosing bacterial vaginosis is ruling out other causes for the symptoms. When a woman is exhibiting indications of bacterial vaginosis, her doctor will usually ask a series of questions to eliminate other possible causes for the symptoms. The doctor will perform a pelvic exam and take a sample of the vaginal or cervical fluid. During the exam, the doctor will check the cervix and ovaries for tenderness, which could indicate a more serious problem. The doctor may also check for sexually transmitted diseases such as chlamydia or gonorrhea infection.

Samples of the vaginal secretions may be sent to an outside lab to examined by microscope. These tests can differentiate bacterial vaginosis from other conditions such as trichomoniasis and yeast vaginitis. An unusual vaginal cell, referred to a clue cell, when seen under a microscope, is a clear indicator of bacterial vaginosis. In addition to the clue cell, the lack of adequate lactobacilli (normal vaginal bacteria) is a strong indication that the woman is indeed suffering from bacterial vaginosis.

In addition, a “whiff test” may be performed. In a whiff test, several drops of potassium chloride (KOH) are added to the vaginal fluid sample to test for the presence of the bacteria. If a strong fishy odor is produced by the chemical, it is an indication that bacterial vaginosis is present.

Treatment Options

There are several options available to treat bacterial vaginosis. Treatment of bacterial vaginosis usually includes a round of antibiotics. The most commonly prescribed antibiotic treatment is a seven-day course of metronidazole (Flagyl), taken orally or by internal vaginal gel suppositories (Metrogel). Vaginal suppositories usually do not carry any side effects. However, the oral antibiotic metronidazole has been associated with the following adverse side effects:

• Metallic taste in mouth
• Dizziness
• Insomnia
• Irritability
• Depression
• Confusion

A number of herbal and home remedies are commonly used to treat the symptoms and ease the discomfort of bacterial vaginosis. Since bacterial vaginosis is a bacterial infection, it will not usually go away on its own, and doctors strongly recommend only using herbal remedies as a supplement to a course of antibiotics. The most common herbal and home remedies used to ease the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis are:

Cold Compress

Applying a sterile, cold cloth to the labial area eases the irritation and soreness of the outer vaginal area.

Tea Tree Oil

Noted for its strong antimicrobial properties, tea tree oil is used both externally and internally to treat bacterial vaginosis. Some women use tea tree soaked tampons, douches and suppositories. Others use tea tree oil externally, adding to a sitz bath with apple cider and pure vinegar.

Garlic

Many sufferers swear by the strong antibacterial properties of garlic to treat bacterial vaginosis. Garlic has been known to fight infection by enhancing cell immunity and inhibiting bacteria and other microorganisms. Garlic produces a compound called Allicin that produces antibacterial activity. Allicin is released when garlic is crushed or cut. Women who use garlic to treat bacterial vaginosis insert cloves of garlic wrapped in gauze into the vagina to treat the symptoms and ward off the overgrowth of bad bacteria.

Complications of Bacterial Vaginosis

Recurrence of bacterial vaginosis after treatment is common, and occurs in about 50% of cases. However, if symptoms do not reappear, no further treatment is necessary.

Bacterial vaginosis has serious indications when found in pregnant women. Left untreated, bacterial vaginosis can cause infection of the amniotic fluid, premature birth, premature labor and infection of the uterus both during and after the pregnancy. Currently, testing for bacterial vaginosis is not commonly performed in pregnant women unless there is a history of preterm births, or if the woman is exhibiting symptoms.

Yeast Infection

Yeast infection is another main cause of bacterial vaginitis in women. Common to women of childbearing age, about 75% of women will experience a yeast infection in their lifetime.

Yeast, scientifically referred to as Candida, is commonly found on the body in places of moisture such as the vagina, rectum, underarms and mouth. Most healthy women have a small amount of yeast in the body at any given time. A yeast infection occurs when there is an overgrowth of the bacteria Candida Albicans in the vaginal tract and vulva.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of yeast infections include irritation and itching in the vagina, redness or inflammation of the outer labial area and increased vaginal discharge that is white in color and has a cottage cheese texture. Usually there is no odor associated with the vaginal discharge that occurs in a yeast infection. Other symptoms may include burning during urination, pain during sexual intercourse, a rash in the genital area and soreness of the vagina.

Risk Factors for Yeast Infection

Several risk factors make developing yeast infection more likely.

Antibiotic Use

The use of antibiotics, birth control pills or steroids upset the balance of bacterial flora in the vaginal tract, allowing yeast to grow to dangerous levels and cause infection.

Weakened Immune Function

Stress, lack of sleep and poor diet can weaken the immune system and make the body more susceptible to infection. Some diseases, such as diabetes, lupus and HIV/AIDS infections have been known to cause recurring yeast infections.

Behavioral Factors

Certain behaviors make developing a yeast infection more likely. These include wearing tight or poorly ventilated clothing, such as wet swimsuits or athletic clothing for extended periods of time, wiping from back to front following a bowel movement and vaginal douching which destroys healthy bacteria in the vagina.

Prevention

The most effective ways to prevent yeast infections are behavioral in nature. Certain steps can be taken to minimize the chance of developing a yeast infection.

Wearing underwear with breathable, natural fabrics. Exposing the vulva to air on a regular basis also helps in eliminating the moist environment that yeast requires to thrive.

Switching to a non-hormonal contraceptive. Yeast thrives in the acidic pH found in the hormone estrogen. The high levels of the hormone estrogen in birth control pills and pregnant women make yeast infection more likely. Switching to a non-hormonal birth control method will reduce the chance of developing a yeast infection.

Tests and Diagnosis

The first step in diagnosis is determining whether the woman’s symptoms are indicative of a yeast infection or another condition. The doctor will ask a series of questions relating to lifestyle and general health to determine if the symptoms could be caused by other factors. The doctor will perform a pelvic exam and collect samples of the vaginal secretions. These tests determine whether the woman is suffering from a bacterial infection, such as bacterial vaginosis or a protozoan infection, such as trichomoniasis. A pap smear may also be performed to rule out any cervical abnormalities that may be causing the symptoms. During the pelvic examination, the doctor will visually examine the vagina to check for swelling, discharge, sores or vaginal tenderness.

Treatment Options

The most common treatment option for vaginal yeast infections is over-the-counter, non-prescription treatments. Products such as vaginal yeast infection creams and suppositories usually clear up the infection in 75%-95% of cases.

It is important that a woman seeking an over-the-counter remedy be properly diagnosed with the condition. Using a yeast infection treatment when no infection is present can lead to an increased likelihood that a yeast infection will develop at a later time, and be resistant to treatment.

There are several natural and herbal remedies commonly used to treat yeast infection.

Probiotics

Also called “friendly bacteria,” the use of probiotics involves introducing the necessary lactobacilli (good bacteria) that are outnumbered in yeast infections. The friendly bacteria flood the vaginal and intestinal tract, so there is no room for yeast and harmful bacteria to thrive. Probiotics come in capsule form, and can be purchased at health food and vitamin stores.

The probiotic most often taken for yeast infection contains 100 billion CFU (colony forming units), and are taken twice daily for one week or until the infection is cleared. Probiotics are not known to have adverse side effects. Any extra that body does not need will be passed from the body from the stool.

Psyllium Husk

Commonly used as a colon cleanser, Psyllium husk has been used for centuries to rid the body of toxins and harmful bacteria. Psyllium husk is a high-fiber supplement that absorbs water and forms a gel within the body. It forces waste matter from the body and cleans the colon. Cleaning the colon has been shown as effective in ridding the body of candida infection.

Boric Acid

Used as an insecticide and a fire retardant, boric acid has been known to be effective in relieving the symptoms associated with yeast infection. When mixed with water, boric acid is a mild antiseptic with a low acid content. It has been used for years to treat inflammation, irritation, cuts and scrapes.

Boric acid has also been used to cleanse wounds and speed healing. When used to treat yeast infections, boric acid can soothe the skin and help restore the vagina’s healthy alkaline pH factor. Since boric acid only serves to ease the discomfort, it should only be used in conjunction with other methods of curing the infection.

Yogurt

Many women swear by yogurt as a natural cure for yeast infections. Non-sweetened yogurt that contains live acidophilus has active cultures that restore the balance of natural bacteria in the vagina. Eating 4-6 ounces of live culture, non-sweetened yogurt has been known to clear up vaginal yeast infections within several days.

In addition to eating yogurt, it can be used in suppository form to speed up the healing process. Inserting a tampon dipped in yogurt into the vagina delivers the active cultures directly into the vaginal tract. The tampon should be left in the vagina for one hour, then removed.

Complications of Yeast Infection

Most yeast infections respond well to treatment and do not carry long-term complications. However, women with suppressed immune systems should take candida infections seriously, as they can be indicative of a more serious, underlying issue.

Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease, caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. Also known as trich, the disease infects both men and women, attacking the urinary tract in men and the vagina in women. The organism latches on to the tissue walls of the vagina, this causes the inflammation and subsequent infection. Men usually do not exhibit symptoms of trichomoniasis, although some will experience burning after urination and ejaculation, mild discharge, or an irritation in the penis.

Trichomoniasis is usually contracted through unprotected vaginal intercourse, but can also be transmitted through vulva-to-vulva intercourse, mutual masturbation and sharing infected sex toys.

Symptoms of Trichomoniasis

Symptoms of trichomoniasis usually include strong vaginal odor, frothy yellow-green vaginal discharge, and discomfort during intercourse. They may also experience itching and soreness of the vaginal area, and in rare cases, lower abdominal pain.

Risk Factors for Trichomoniasis

Since trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease, the risk factors for developing this form of bacterial vaginitis have a strong correlation with sexual activity. Risk factors include:

• ·Having multiple sex partners
• ·Having gonorrhea or non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU)
• ·Engaging in sexual activity during adolescence

Prevention of Trichomoniasis

There are effective ways to prevent contracting the bacterial vaginitis associated with trichomoniasis.

• ·Wearing condoms during sexual intercourse to prevent transmission of sexually transmitted diseases
• ·Limiting the number of sexual partners
• ·Getting tested regularly for sexually transmitted diseases and infections

Tests and Diagnosis

Diagnosing trichomoniasis is relatively simple. The doctor will perform a pelvic exam and take a swab of the vaginal fluid. This fluid will be sent to a laboratory to be tested under a microscope and cultured for several days. This testing will determine if the trichomoniasis parasite is present.

Treatment

Treatment for trichomoniasis is similar to other treatments of bacterial vaginitis. A seven-day course of antibiotics is often prescribed to clear up the infection and relieve the symptoms. The most commonly prescribed antibiotic is Metronidazole, either in oral or suppository form. Sexual intercourse should be avoided during the time of treatment.

Several natural and herbal treatments have been shown effective in restoring the body’s health after infection, and may be effective in treating trichomoniasis and its symptoms.

Echinacea

A powerful, immune-boosting herb, Echinacea has been shown to fight off parasitic infection in the intestinal tract. Many swear by a daily course of Echinacea to ward off trichomoniasis.

Milk Thistle

Best known for its liver-support properties, milk thistle is effective in removing toxins from the body.

Vitamin E and A

When used topically, vitamins A and E have been known to soothe and repair inflamed and irritated skin associated with trichomoniasis.

Complications of Trichomoniasis

Left untreated, trichomoniasis can cause serious health problems. Symptoms will gradually get worse, and the infection can cause permanent organ and tissue damage. Prolonged infection with trich can lead to inflammation of the fallopian tubes and eventual infertility. People with trichomoniasis are five times more likely to be diagnosed with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.

In pregnant women, a trich infection is most associated with preterm birth, preterm premature rupturing of membranes (PPROM) and low birth weight. In rare cases, the parasite can be passed along to the baby during delivery.

Menstrual Problems

Could It Be More Than Just a Pain in the Abdomen?

Is it really that time of the month already, has it been 28 days? Do you dread certain parts of the month because you know what you have in store for you? If you are between the ages of 12-45, then you can relate to the problems that many women have to deal with every month. Cramps, bloating, and discomfort are some of the issues you may face on a monthly basis. Fortunately, not every woman experiences these problems, but at one time or another may have.

Menstruation, which is when the uterus begins to shed its lining if fertilization has not occurred. There are hormones produced when menstruation begins called prostaglandins. Prostaglandins indicate to the uterus that it is time to start disposing of its inner lining. The uterus is a muscle that is very strong and will start contract once levels of prostaglandins are reached. High levels of prostaglandins are said to be the cause of cramping or muscle spasms that occur in the uterus.

Do you have a normal menstrual cycle? Well that is hard for anyone besides you to answer. What is normal for one woman may be completely abnormal for another woman. Menstrual cycles differ drastically between women. The average length of a menstrual cycle is between two and seven days and can arrive as frequent as every 24 days. The amount of flow that occurs also varies among woman. Some may bleed heavy for the first 2 days and then reduce the amount as there cycle moves forward.

Causes

Every woman is not susceptible to these annoying monthly misfortunes. There are contributing factors that target certain groups. Being over-weight can definitely be a cause of menstrual problems; this is due to the face that when you are over-weight your fat cells produce more estrogen than is needed. When your body starts to produce excess amounts of estrogen, you body will start to believe that you are pregnant, and menstruation will change, or stop altogether.

Being greatly under weight can be just as much of an issue as being over-weight. Poor nutrition or malnourishment means that your body isn’t getting enough nutrients and vitamins that it needs. Therefore, your body doesn’t function the way that it should. Being under weight may also cause Amenorrhea, which is when your period doesn’t come at all.

Genes also play a role in this cycle as well. You should be aware of your family history and inquire if anyone else related to you has experienced these same issues. Your birth control could also be playing a part in your discomfort. Any Intrauterine Devices (IUD) may cause heavy bleeding and painful cramps, whereas when taking a birth control pill can actually relieve symptoms by reducing the length of your menstrual flow and regulating it.

Home Remedies

Although there is no known cure for menstrual problems such as fatigue, bloating, or cramps, there are some common treatments that you can try at home. A great way to try and reduce bleeding during menstruation is by eating foods that contain bioflavonoids, such as seeds or nuts. With heavy bleeding, your iron levels become very low, so you are going to want to seek foods that are rich on iron, like, shellfish, fortified breads, citrus fruits, and apricots.

Many soothing aids can be found right in your own home with no added costs for you. Cinnamon has an antispasmodic and acts as an anti-inflammatory, which can reduce cramping. Simply, make a cup of tea and add a dash of cinnamon to your delicious warm beverage and wait for results. Ginger is also said to work just as well as cinnamon to help in reducing the signs of cramps.

Perhaps you are experiencing some pain in either your neck or your back, try some basil. Basil is a great tool to relieve headaches and backaches. Caffeic acid, which is found in basil acts as a pain reliever. You may also want to try and soak in a nice warm bath. The heat from the water is sure to relax your muscles and ease your pain.

Water

Water is also a key element that you want to include in your diet everyday. The consumption of water is beneficial to clean or flush out your body and get rid of unwanted waste. Remember to drink at least 8 glasses of water a day. This can also be beneficial if you are prone to acne while menstruating. Water is great for the skin and keeps it hydrated.

OTC Medicine

Over the counter aids such as Pamprin or Midol are commonly used to treat these types of conditions. They work great to reduce water retention that causes bloating, also to relieve minor head and back aches. These medications should only be used as the directions indicate on the package.

Medical Issues & Treatments

Perhaps you have tried all of these methods but to no avail, you may want to call and speak with your doctor, there may be something more going on. Depending on your symptoms, your doctor may prescribe you hormone treatments. There are also anti-prostaglandins available through your doctor that would help with the abdominal pain that you feel. For more invasive procedures your doctor may think it is necessary to have a dilation and curettage (D & C). During this process a portion of the uterus is removed making it easier and more manageable to shed the lining monthly. This procedure is very rare today and not used as often as it was many years ago.

If you occasionally experience some of these troublesome ailments I wouldn’t fret, it’s when your menstrual cycle becomes abnormal in any way that may cause alarm. There are many serious menstrual problems that you may encounter, that are slightly more crucial, and above the mild cramping you may experience. There are many factors that doctors use to determine what the exact issue is, so treatment can begin as soon as necessary.

Fibroids

Fibroids are a common issue that doctors treat on a regular basis. Fibroids are growths inside of the uterus that are non-cancerous. Some of the warning signs include: bloating and swelling in the stomach, heavy and painful menstruation, and a dull pain in the abdomen. You can use these signs as an indicator; however, fibroids sometimes offer no warning signs at all. During your regular yearly examine is when your doctor would notice these growths.

Depending on the severity of your case and the pain it brings, treatment could be as minor as letting them take care of themselves, if they are small enough, or in rare cases having a hysterectomy, which would entail removing the uterus. Fibroids grow due to high levels of the hormone estrogen. The good news is that again, depending on the size, once you reach menopause your hormone levels decrease and these fibroids reduce in size and almost disappear.

Abdomen Pain & Endometriosis

If you are experiencing a sharp pain in your pelvic or abdomen area, along with your normal cramps, or experience pain after having sexual intercourse, this is something you are going to want to mention to your medical professional. These are common signs of Endometriosis.

Endometriosis is one of the main causes of pain in that region of your body. There is still no sure reason what causes Endometriosis, or how to cure it fully at this point. There are many treatment options that you may want to research. Since pain is the leading complaint, often doctors will prescribe a pain killer of some sorts, depending on allergies.

Hormone treatments may also be an option. It is shown that large levels of oestrogen on set Endometriosis, with the hormone treatments, doctors are trying to keep these levels at bay. As mentioned there is no sure cure for Endometriosis, so what relief that you do experience, unfortunately, are only temporary and will not last.

PMS

Possibly you are experiencing both emotional and physical issues, and are starting to feel depressed or anxious. This could be more than just Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS). There is a severe case of PMS referred to as Premenstrual Dysphoric disorder or PMDD. While doctors are not fully aware of the causes of PMDD, they do believe that it could be cause by a chemical imbalance of serotonin in your body. There are three avenues that should be taken into consideration.

1. Psycho behavioral Therapy- This treatment is used to assist you in dealing with your emotions and sometime offer relaxation therapy, assist with providing you information to deal with coping skills, and cognitive behavioral therapy.
2. Medication- Medication may be used in conjunction with the other treatment options. Different medications are used to treat PMDD. These drugs may include anti-anxiety medication, hormones, or anti-depressants.
3. Diet modification- The amount of vitamins and minerals that your body takes in greatly effects the way your body will run. It is so crucial to stress the importance of a health balanced diet and regular exercise. You are also going to want to drink plenty or water. This not only keeps you hydrated, but is necessary to keep your body at its best.

Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) is a rare but serious infection caused by bacteria. TSS is associated most of the time with the use of tampons, or the overuse of tampons. When tampons are left in for a long period of time they become the perfect spot for the production of bacteria. Often TSS is caused by toxins that are produced by Staphylococcus aureus or (staph) bacteria. Some signs of TSS include:

• Vomiting and/or diarrhea
• A fever higher than102° Fahrenheit
• Muscle aches or weakness
• Confusion
• Headaches
• A bright red rash in your vaginal area

There are not any specific tests that can identify TSS, however through blood work, urine samples, and a cervical exam or scrape, your doctor can locate the issue and start treatment as necessary. Since TSS is a very serious condition, hospitalization may be required. You will be given antibiotics to assist in fighting the infection. Although extremely serious, this condition if caught soon enough, is not life threatening.

Costs of Treatment

Depending on the severity of your menstrual problems, costs can vary. For minor issues such as mild cramping, bloating, and fatigue you can try and use some of the known home remedies above to help and reduce some of the aches. If you require medical treatment for more severe menstrual problems then there are many things to consider.

Hormone treatments can be either in the form of a pill that is taken daily, or injections that may be self administered, either option does get costly. Including lab work, doctor’s visits, and the hormones themselves, you could be looking at about $150 a month or about $1,800 a year. Most insurance companies will cover medically necessary procedures, but you would want to check your benefits ahead of time to find out what your out of pocket expense would be.

Troublesome dental problems can create a mouthful of pain and discomfort for anyone dealing with a toothache. One of the biggest difficulty dental patients have regarding their dental health is how to treat and cure toothaches. Dental pain, regardless of its origin, can be so disruptive to everyday life, that millions of people each year are unable to cope effectively when the mouth pain occurs.

Toothache discomfort may range from a mild ache to excruciating throbbing pain. Whether the sufferer is experiencing pain great or small, the search for remedies to stop dental pain takes many individuals straight to their computers with the hopes of seeking out some sort of relief from the toothache.

Causes Of Tooth Discomfort

In relation to tooth discomfort, causes may range from excessive tooth decay or cavities, abscesses, broken or damaged teeth, sinus infections, and gum disease. Tooth decay is one of the most prevalent causes of illness throughout the world, especially in locations that do not promote preventative dental hygiene. Lack of brushing, flossing, and poor nutrition are also suspect in creating an environment ripe for potential dental problems.

With tooth decay, the rotten portion of the tooth tends to progress into the pulp and root of the tooth, causing pain.

If a decaying tooth is left untreated by a dental professional, the resulting damage may ultimately lead to infection and possibly the loss of the tooth. Pain and discomfort in and around the affected tooth can be quite severe.

When teeth have an excess of plaque and tartar, there is a greater risk of tooth decay and dental pain due to the increase in of digestive acids that tend to further aggravate toothache pain.

Toothache Symptoms

Quite often a toothache may appear to arise with little or no warning. However, the majority of tooth pain can be traced back to small clues that progressively worsened over time. Taking special notice to the visual condition of the tooth may give the individual an indication of why the toothache has presented itself. Important things to take notice of when experiencing a toothache:

• Broken or chipped teeth
• Pits or dark spots on tooth surface
• Small holes or crevices
• Red or swollen gum tissue
• Puss-filled bump around the base of the tooth
• Other important warning signs to look for when a toothache begins to take hold are:
• A bad taste in the mouth
• Bleeding gums
• Bad breath
• Tooth sensitivity
• Pain when chewing
• Discomfort when brushing or flossing
• Facial swelling or puffiness
• Risk Factors And Toothaches

Common risk factors and health choices that may adversely affect dental health and wellness are eating disorders such as anorexia and/or bulimia, dry mouth, poor oral hygiene habits, lack of flossing, heartburn (high levels of stomach acid may erode tooth enamel), smoking, chewing tobacco, and underlying health problems such as medications and cancer treatments. As individuals age, teeth naturally will weaken and become more susceptible to decay and sensitivity. Continuation of proper oral hygiene can help extend the health and life of teeth in older individuals.

Toothache Complications

While most people can overlook minor aches and pains associated with intermittent toothaches, ignoring serious signs of dental distress may lead to severe oral infections and tooth loss. It is essential to overall health for anyone suffering from a toothache to take immediate steps to discover the underlying cause of the tooth pain in order to avoid dangerous complications down the road.

The real threat of serious infection from toothaches must not be underestimated. Abscesses and infection can lead to sinus and blood infections which may be potentially life threatening. It is imperative to seek out medical assistance when there is the presence of infection.

Home Remedies For Toothaches

In the event that visiting the dentist for treatment must be put off briefly, finding a home remedies that can lessen toothache pain in the interim can help bring the tooth discomfort to a tolerable level. Popular and proven remedies made from natural ingredients found in most homes that may improve the pain level of a toothache are effective enough to take a closer look at.

Garlic and rock salt placed on the affected tooth, or a garlic clove positioned directly on the painful site can alleviate discomfort. Consuming raw onion, usually one per day, can improve the overall health of the teeth. Lime is well-known remedy for toothaches and oral health. The vitamin C found in lime improves tooth health. Another common home remedy for toothaches is vinegar and bayberry. The mixture of the two natural ingredients has been known to relieve mouth pain when applied to the teeth and gums.

Clove Oil

One of the most identifiable natural toothache remedies that has been in use for thousands of years is clove oil. The antiseptic properties found in cloves acts as a numbing agent when applied to the teeth and gums. Clove oil is very strong, so a little goes a long way.

Butternut Bark

In the Native American culture, the use of butternut bark for the alleviation of tooth pain has been used for many years. Another natural cure for toothache pain is asafoetida, which when applied directly to the cavity-filled tooth, will relieve even the most gnawing discomfort.

Gum Massaging

Gum massaging is an old tried-and-true natural remedy for oral pain. By gently manipulating the gums, increased blood flow occurs and effectively allows more oxygen to the affected area in order to generate healing. The use of calendula petals for toothache pain has been in use in native communities to treat dental disorders. Another effective method of treating toothaches is yarrow root. Yarrow is known for stopping a toothache that is in the beginning throws of irritation.

A largely overlooked herbal remedy that can be used as a mouthwash and antiseptic is slippery elm powder. The powder is dissolved in water and is a safe alternative to standard mouthwashes. Tarragon leaves are also an excellent choice in natural toothache prevention. Tarragon is commonly utilized as an herbal anesthetic when applied to the affected tooth.

Eastern Herbal Remedies

Eastern ayurvedic cures and remedies for toothaches employ similar herbal and mineral applications for eliminating the dental discomfort. Babool tree bark is an excellent ayurvedic herbal remedy that helps to arrest the bleeding and pain of an injured or infected tooth. The use of marjoram, which has a mint-like aroma may also be used in the natural curing of a toothache. The use of East Indian rosebay root is also an effective means of pain relief as well.

Western Herbal Toothache Remedies

There are several western home remedies available for the treatment of toothache pain. Cayenne is a wonderfully versatile natural remedy for ending the discomfort of dental pain. When used in small amounts, cayenne provides a natural local anesthetic to the painful area. A very effective natural cure for toothaches is the fig.

Figs have natural pain-relieving compounds. When heated, the fig can be placed directly on the tooth to provide immediate relief of painful abscesses and irritated gums. The use of cider vinegar has antiseptic properties that assist the natural bacteria-killing elements that are found naturally in saliva. Used as a mouthwash, cider vinegar promotes healing and germ-ridding agents.

Applied topically as a poultice, fennel helps to alleviate inflammation that so commonly aggravates the nerves of the teeth, creating pain. Sage and myrrh both provide an essential numbing effect when applied as a tincture to an irritated tooth. The antiseptic properties of both of these herbs will ease the pain of a toothache seconds after its application.

Safety And Precautions Of Herbal Toothache Cures

Most herbal remedies are completely safe and effective to use as a cure for toothaches.However, a misconception that many toothache pain sufferers fail to remember when using alternative natural toothache remedies is assuming that because it is a natural element, it must be safe to use. Caution must be maintained when ingesting or absorbing any herbal or natural remedy into the body. Natural does not always mean safe. Proper research and precautions to avoid possible toxicity and side effects must be done before attempting to use any natural toothache remedy.

Emergency Pain Relief For Nighttime Flareups

A toothache always seems to surface at the least convenient of times. The middle of the night is the most frequent time of day for mouth pain to erupt. One reason for tooth discomfort to occur at night is the position of the head when sleeping. Being in a horizontal lying position causes blood flow to be more centered around the head and mouth area. This increases the likelihood of a sensitive tooth to flare up. When late night dental pain interrupts sleep, some of the quickest methods of relieving the discomfort in order to rest throughout the night can be found in the kitchen and bathroom cupboards.

The application of an ice pack may lessen the intensity of the toothache. Alternating twenty minutes on with twenty minutes off for maximum effect. If the cold happens to worsen the discomfort, applying a warm washcloth to the cheeks may be used instead. Heat and cold both have pain relieving properties. Some people react better to one or the other.

Salt and Pepper Shakers

A strange, yet rather effective method of curbing a midnight toothache can be found in your salt and pepper shakers. Mixing the two flavor enhancers together and applying the mixture to the affected tooth can bring immediate pain relief. The use of turmeric powder in conjunction with mustard oil work well together as an antiseptic for dental pain. By applying a mixture of the two directly to the teeth, a numbing of the tooth will occur.

Using a Potato

An old remedy to stop toothache pain in its tracks can be found in a sack of potatoes. Cut a small wedge out of a raw potato and place the wedge on the affected tooth for approximately fifteen minutes. This should halt the discomfort and allow for a more restful night.

Vanilla Extract

Vanilla extract has been used for years as a home remedy for emergency toothache relief. Apply a few drops of the extract to the affected area. The toothache pain will vanish instantly. This method can be repeated as often as painful flareups occur.

Dietary And Traditional Toothache Remedies And Prevention

While the use of herbal remedies are excellent alternatives to conventional treatment options for toothaches, there are a number of traditional remedies that work very well at controlling and relieving the pain and discomfort of dental problems that can be used alternately or in conjunction with each other. Tylenol, Ibuprofen, and aspirin work well to stave off a moderately painful toothache. Rinsing the mouth with salt water can decrease mouth irritation as well.

In the unfortunate event of an excruciating toothache, the employment of any of the effective natural treatments can lessen the discomfort until a dental professional can be seen. Proper oral hygiene is always the best preventative defense against oral pain.

When a person feels that fluttering feeling in the heart or feels rapid or pounding heartbeats, they are experiencing what is known as heart palpitations. When a person experiences heart palpitations, it may be due to a number of triggers, such as medication, exercise, stress or, much less commonly, a medical condition that is underlying.

Even though it is a worrisome experience to feel heart palpitations, it is usually a harmless occurrence since the heart is still effectively pumping blood. A person can usually prevent the heart palpitations from recurring by avoiding whatever the cause of the trigger is.

In rare cases, experiencing heart palpitations may actually be a symptom of a heart condition that is much more serious, such as arrhythmia, which is an irregular heartbeat, and this may require treatment.

Symptoms of Heart Palpitations

• The symptoms of heart palpitations generally feel like:
• Skipping a heartbeat;
• Fluttering heartbeats;
• A heartbeat that is going too quickly; or
• A heartbeat that is pumping harder than normal.

Heart palpitations can be felt in the neck or in the throat, or they may also be felt in the chest. The feeling of heart palpitations may occur whether a person is at rest, active, and it can happen whether they are seated, laying down or standing.

When to See a Doctor

If the occurrence of heart palpitations is ultimate a concerning one, it is recommended to go see a doctor. He or she may wish to conduct tests to monitor the heart in order to determine whether or not the heart palpitations are due to a much more serious underlying heart problem. It is highly recommended that a person seek emergency medical attention in the event that the heart palpitations come accompanied with:

• Chest pain or discomfort;
• Dizziness;
• Fainting; or
• Shortness of breath.

Causes of Heart Palpitations

It is often the case that the true cause of what triggers heart palpitations cannot be determined. There are a few common causes that are believed to be responsible for instances of heart palpitations, such as:

• Stress, anxiety or any other similar strong emotional responses;
• Strenuous exercise;
• Nicotine;
• Fever;
• Caffeine;
• Hormone changes related to pregnancy, menstruation or menopause;
• Taking cough or cold medications that have the stimulant ingredient pseudoephedrine; or
• Taking any kind of asthma medication inhaler that has a stimulant in it.

However, it is possible, though uncommon, for a heart palpitation to be the symptom of a more serious underlying condition, such as an abnormal heart rhythm, or arrhythmia, or hyperthyroidism, which is an overactive thyroid gland. Arrhythmias might include unusually slow heart rates (bradycardia), very fast heart rates (tachycardia) or simply a heart rhythm that is irregular (atrial fibrillation).

Risk Factors for Heart Palpitations

Those are at risk for developing heart palpitations are those who:

• are very stressed;
• have a present anxiety disorder or otherwise regularly undergo panic attacks;
• are pregnant;
• have an overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism);
• take medications that have stimulants in them, such as certain asthma or cold medications; and
• have other similar heart problems, such as a heart defect, an arrhythmia or have previously had a heart attack.

Complications Arising From Heart Palpitations

Unless the heart palpitations are a sign or a symptom of an underlying, more serious heart condition, there is very little risk of developing any complications. If the heart palpitations are a sign or a symptom of an underlying, more serious heart condition, some of the more possible complications arising from heart palpitations include:

Fainting

When a heart beats quicker than it normally does, it is possible for the blood pressure to drop dramatically, which causes a person to faint. The likelihood of fainting is higher for those who have a certain kind of heart problem, such as some valve problems or problems with congenital heart disease.

Cardiac Arrest

Though this is a very rare occurrence, it is possible for palpitations, which are caused by a life threatening type of arrhythmia, to suddenly cause the heart to stop beating in an efficient manner (cardiac arrest).

Stroke

Should the palpitations further worsen to the point where the heart does not properly beat but instead quivers, it may cause blood to begin pooling. When blood pools, it may cause the formation of blood clot. Should a blood clot break loose, it may lead to a brain artery and it may obstruct it, which causes a stroke. Complications from this may include damaging a portion of the brain or it may even lead to death.

Heart Failure

When the heart is not effectively pumping for a prolonged period of time, and when the heart palpitations is caused by arrhythmia, such as atrial fibrillation, this may be a complication. Sometimes, in order to improve the way the heart functions, it is possible to control the rate of arrhythmia that is beginning to cause heart failure.

Preparing For an Appointment with the Doctor

If a person is experiencing heart palpitations along with a severe shortness of breath, fainting or chest paint, it is extremely important to immediately seek emergency medical attention. However, if the heart palpitations are brief and no other worrisome symptoms or signs seem to be present, it is recommended to make an appointment to see a doctor. The doctor may be able to determine whether the heart palpitations are a harmless occurrence or if they are the symptom of something much more serious, such as a heart condition.

Because an appointment with the doctor is usually limited in time and can be brief, and because it is important to cover a large amount of ground with the doctor, it is recommended that a person get fully prepared for an appointment before attending one. This section is provided in order to offer some insight with regards to the best way to prepare for an appointment for a doctor, as well as what to expect when attending the appointment.

What Can Be Done

Know all of the pre-appointment restrictions, if any. When calling to make the appointment, be sure to ask if any exist, as well as whether or not there is anything that should be done in advance, such as restricting the diet.

Take a notepad and write down what other symptoms, including heart palpitations, that may be present, even if they do not appear to have any direct correlation to the heart palpitations in the first place.

Take a notepad and write down any personal information that may be key to diagnosis, including any family history of arrhythmias, heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke or diabetes, in addition to any recent life changes or major stresses. Write down all medications that are currently being taken, since heart palpitations are a possible side effect, including any supplements or vitamins.

If it is possible, take a friend or a family member along for the ride so that they can recall or remember information that may have otherwise been missed or forgotten. It can often be a difficult process to remember every detail that the doctor discussed during an appointment, since there is plenty of ground to cover in a short period of time.

Be ready to talk about habits with regards to exercise and diet. If no diet or exercise routine is currently strictly followed, be prepared for the possibilities of discussing with the doctor about any challenges that may be faced with regards to getting started on a routine.

Write down any questions to ask the doctor.

Because the time spent with the doctor is usually limited, it can be beneficial coming up with a list of questions so that the time that would otherwise be spent thinking up questions can be reserved for going over other points in greater detail.

List the questions from the ones that are more important to the ones that are least important in case time runs out. Some basic questions to ask about heart palpitations may include:

• What is the most likely cause of the heart palpitations?
• What are some other likely causes for the heart palpitations?
• What should be done if the heart palpitations recur?
• What kinds of tests are necessary to determine the cause?
• What is likely the best course of action?
• How much activity is an appropriate level?
• What are some of the other alternatives to the primary approach that is being suggested?
• These other health conditions are also present. What is the best way to effectively manage them together?
• Should any certain restrictions be followed?
• Should a specialist be seen?
• Does there exist a generic alternative to the medication that is being prescribed?
• Are there any printed materials, such as brochures, that may be taken home to read or any Web sites that may be recommended?

Feel free to ask any other questions that arise if there is time or to ask more questions to go over points that are not fully understood the first time around.

What to Expect From the Doctor

The doctor will probably have a list of questions to ask as well, and being ready to answer these questions will reserve even more time for clarifying other points later on. The doctor may wish to ask:

• When did the first onset of heart palpitations occur?
• Have the symptoms been occasional or continuous?
• Do these heart palpitations suddenly start and stop?
• Does it appear as if though the palpitations come with some kind of pattern, such as always occurring during a certain activity or during the same time of each day?
• During the heart palpitations, does the heart still continue to beat steadily?
• If anything, what seems to improve the heart palpitations?
• If anything, what seems to worsen the heart palpitations?
• Are there any other symptoms present during these heart palpitations, such as dizziness, fainting, chest paint or shortness of breath?
• Have there ever been heart rhythm problems experienced before, such as atrial fibrillation?

What Can Be Done in the Meantime

Prior to attending the appointment, it is possible to attempt improving the symptoms by avoiding the usual stresses or activities that may trigger heart palpitations. Some of the more common triggers include drinking too much caffeine or alcohol, anxiety or panic attacks, or taking any kind of medication or supplements that have stimulants in them, such as some cold medicines or energy drinks.

Tests and Diagnosis

If the doctor feels that there are heart palpitations, he or she will wish to listen to the heart using a stethoscope to check whether or not the heart is beating either irregularly or too rapidly. He or she will also probably search for any symptoms of medical conditions that are known to cause heart palpitations, such as an overactive thyroid gland.

Some other tests that the doctor may wish to conduct include:

Electrocardiogram, or ECG. This is a noninvasive test in which a technician takes probes and places them on the chest so that it can monitor the electrical pulses that are responsible for making the heart beat. The device will record the electronic signals and the results should help a doctor figure out whether or not there are any irregularities within the rhythm of the heart and its structure, which may cause the palpitations. It is possible to have an electrocardiogram while exercising (stress electrocardiogram) or while at rest.

Holter monitoring. This is similar to an ECG exam, except it is a portable device that is worn to record the electrical pulses for up to three days. This device is used when heart palpitations cannot be found by way of a standard ECG.

Treatments and Drugs

Unless the doctor finds that there is some kind of underlying medical condition, an onset of heart palpitations rarely requires any kind of medication or surgery. The doctor will likely recommend staying away from the common triggers. If an underlying condition is present and is the cause of the heart palpitations, then he or she will likely recommend ways to treat the underlying condition in question.

Lifestyle and Home Remedies

The best way to handle heart palpitations at home is to simply avoid the common triggers, such as:

• Reducing stress or anxiety;
• Avoiding stimulants; and
• Avoiding illegal drugs.