High Blood Pressure Remedies

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a cardiovascular disease characterized by abnormally high blood pressure. Blood pressure is the force of the blood against the walls of blood vessels in the body.

Maintaining a healthy blood pressure is essential to prevent cardiovascular diseases like heart attack or stroke, as well as kidney failure.

Hypertension can be classified either as primary hypertension or secondary hypertension.

Primary hypertension, often called essential hypertension, is diagnosed when there is no discernible cause for the elevation in blood pressure. On the other hand, secondary hypertension is a side effect of an underlying condition such as kidney disease.

Causes and Risk Factors

The causes of primary hypertension are largely unknown, but research has shown that it is linked with poor lifestyle choices and bad habits. These include smoking, diabetes, being overweight, lack of physical activity, genetics, Vitamin D deficiency, electrolyte imbalance, stress, using medications like birth control pills, race, gender, and chronic alcohol abuse.

Primary hypertension accounts for 90-95% of all cases of hypertension. Secondary hypertension is defined as high blood pressure caused by an underlying disease. For secondary hypertension, the most common cause is kidney disease. The renal system and blood pressure are closely linked. For people with kidney disease, their kidneys do not remove fluid from the body efficiently or in the case of kidney failure at all.

How it Works

The kidneys are responsible for maintaining blood volume and fluid balance in the body. When the kidneys fail, the ability to excrete fluid is lost, thus causing the body to retain water. This can cause swelling in the extremities, but also, the increased amount of fluid in the body can also cause high blood pressure. This can be thought of like a balloon that is filled with water.

As more and more water is pumped in, the balloon expands and the pressure increases with nowhere for the water to go. So too does the blood pressure when the kidneys fail. The kidneys are also responsible for releasing enzymes which control vascular constriction i.e. the narrowing or expansion of blood vessels.

Another cause of secondary hypertension is Cushing’s disease. Cushing’s disease is a condition where the adrenal glands, located on top of the kidneys, produce too much cortisol, which raises blood pressure.
Congenital conditions such as abnormally narrow major arteries may also play a role in the development of secondary hypertension.

Symptoms

Hypertension can be an insidious disease in that there are no apparent symptoms until the blood pressure is dangerously high. Many people do not know that they have high blood pressure or that they have had it for years.

Chronic hypertension has been linked to increased risk of cardiovascular events like stroke and heart attacks. Also, chronic hypertension is a primary contributor to kidney disease. As pressure increases, tiny, delicate capillaries, responsible for filtering the blood of toxins, are damaged and cease to function. As kidney disease can also cause hypertension, a dangerous and damaging loop begins.

Although mildly to moderately elevated blood pressure does not generally have any symptoms, severe elevations in blood pressure can cause the following symptoms to manifest themselves: extreme headache, blurry vision, dizziness, confusion, chest pain, vomiting, shortness of breath, pounding chest, irregular heart beat, and bloody urine.

If any of these symptoms occur, a medical care should be sought immediately, as they could cause organ damage, stroke, or heart attack.

Tests and Diagnosis

High blood pressure is diagnosed by taking a blood pressure reading with an instrument called a sphygmomanometer. Sphygmomanometer measure two readings of the blood pressure. The results of a blood pressure reading are given as a fraction. For example, a reading of 120/80 would be read as “one twenty over eighty.”

What do those two numbers mean? The first number, sometimes called the top number, since it’s on the top of the fraction, is the systolic blood pressure. Systolic blood pressure measures the maximum blood pressure in the blood vessels, which occurs when the heart contracts and pumps out blood. The second number, often called the bottom number, is a measure of the minimum blood pressure in the vascular system. This occurs when the heart is between contractions.

Measuring Results

Measuring blood pressure in a patient is quick and painless. Blood pressure monitors can be either manual or digital and can be done at a doctor’s office or at home. It is important to note that one elevated blood pressure reading does not indicate that one necessarily suffers from high blood pressure. Blood pressure is not a constant number.

Instead, it fluctuates throughout the day, depending on a person’s physical activity, time of day, and body position. For this reason, it is important for people with hypertension to take their blood pressure readings regularly, several times of they day at the same time every day. Only then can an accurate average pressure be found. which can lead to the diagnosis of hypertension.

Interpreting Blood Pressure Readings

For an average adult over the age of 20, the blood pressure should not be more than 120/80. That is, the systolic pressure should not be over 120 and the diastolic pressure should not be over 80.

Prehypertension is defined as slightly elevated blood pressure with systolic pressure of 120-139 and/or diastolic pressure between 80 and 89.

Stage 1 Hypertension is defined as having a systolic reading beteween 140 and 159 and/or diastolic pressure between 90 and 99.

Stage 2 Hypertension is defined as having a systolic pressure greater than 160 and/or a diastolic pressure above 100.

Beyond state 2 hypertension are medical emergencies called hypertensive urgency and hypertensive crisis. A hypertensive urgency is a medical emergency where the systolic pressure is greater than 180 and/or the diastolic pressure is greater than 120. The same criteria are required for a hypertensive crisis, but in a hypertensive crisis, end organ damage is presently occurring.

Immediate treatment is needed to stop organ damage in a hypertensive crisis. If suffering from any of the symptoms of extremely high blood pressure, a person should go to the emergency room immediately, before long term damage occurs.

Treatment Options

A antihypertensive medications make up a large segment of the pharmaceutical industry. There are a number of drugs that can help to reduce blood pressure. Natural remedies also exist that may assist in controlling hypertension.

Diuretics

The first line of defense against elevated blood pressure are diuretics. Diuretics are medications that increase urine production in an effort to reduce fluid volume.

Elevated fluid levels in the body can cause increases in blood pressure. Two important classes of diuretics exist that can reduce blood pressure — loop diuretics and thiazide diuretics.

Loop diuretics work by blocking the absorption of sodium in a system of the kidney. Sodium can cause the body to retain water which can be reabsorbed into the body, elevating blood pressure. Loop diuretics are very effective in controlling blood plasma volume and lowering potassium levels. High levels of potassium in the blood, hyperkalemia, can cause deadly arrhythmias.

Another class of diuretics are thiazide diuretics. Thiazide diuretics effect certain cells in the kidneys that causes interference in sodium and water transport in the body. They can also dilate blood vessels which lowers pressure. Thiazide diuretics do not remove potassium effectively and have less impact on urine output than loop diuretics.

Diuretics are a class of drugs that have been around for many decades. They provide adequate blood pressure control in most patients and are very inexpensive, thus making them one of the first choices for physicians.

ACE Inhibitors and ARBs

Hormones produced by the kidneys play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) is the system of hormones and mechanisms that is responsible for this. Renin is a hormone produced by the kidneys when the body detects low blood pressure. Renin then instructs the body to rpoduce a protein called Angiotensin I.

Angiotensin I is then converted into Angiotensin II which constricts blood vessels, increasing blood pressure. The conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II also causes the adrenal glands to secrete another hormone called aldosterone, which can raise the blood pressure.

ACE Inhibitors

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) and Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) are two powerful drugs used to treat high blood pressure by interrupting the RAA cycle. ACE inhibitors prevent Angiotensin I from being converted into Angiotensin 2, the powerful vascular constricting protein.

By blocking the constriction of blood vessels, the veins and arteries remain wide open, causing the blood pressure to lower. ARBs work in a similar manner to ACE inhibitors, except they keep the body from responding to Angiotensin II. The arteries and veins are prevented from constricting, thus lowering blood pressure.

Both ACE Inhibitors and ARBs are powerful drugs that can lower blood pressure significantly. ACE inhibitors can have the side effect of causing dry coughs in some patients. Most ACE inhibitors are available in generic brands and are inexpensive.

ARBs, on the other hand are newer drugs, many of which still have active patents, and are therefore significantly higher in cost. ACE inhibitors and ARBs should not be used in patients with severe kidney damage or in patients with renal artery stenosis, because they may cause acute renal failure.

Beta Blockers

Beta blockers are common medications used to treat hypertension. They work by slowing down the heart and reducing the amount of work that the organ has to do in order to pump blood throughout the body. Because the heart has to work less, blood pressure can be reduced.

Typical side effects of beta blockers include dizziness, sexual dysfunction, fatigue, drowsiness, sensitivity to cold, slow heart rate, breathing problems, depression, and edema. Prices vary tremendously, depending on the brand on beta blocker.

Calcium Channel Blockers

Calcium channel blockers (CCB)work by blocking the absorption of calcium by the heart which slows down the contracting force of the heart, lowering blood pressure.

Many studies have shown that calcium channel blockers may not be as effective as ACE inhibitors, ARBs, or diuretics, however for patients who have problems with other drugs, calcium channel blockers may prove useful.

Side effects of CCBs include constipation, headache, fast heart beat, rash, drowsiness, nausea, and swelling. Like beta blockers, the price of CCBs varies with brand.

Other Medications

Direct Acting Vasodilators work by dilating the blood vessels, lowering blood pressure. Centrally acting agents work on the central nervous system to control blood pressure. These medications are often used in emergency situations to control hypertensive urgencies or emergencies and work very quickly.

Natural Treatments

Because primary hypertension is thought to be caused in most cases by lifestyle and personal habits, many natural treatments are available to help control blood pressure. Dietary changes, exercise, and meditation may help to control pressure.

Diet

One of the most significant changes in diet a person can make to reduce blood pressure is to cut back on sodium consumption. Sodium has a dual role in elevating blood pressure. First, sodium causes people to be thirsty and drink more water. Next, sodium causes water retention. Excess fluid in the body causes blood pressure to rise.

By avoiding salt when cooking and by passing up on processed foods, many people can see a reduction in blood pressure from this change alone. Also, potassium has been shown to have blood pressure lowering effects. Potassium rich foods like bananas and avocados can help people with blood pressure problems.

Caution should be taken when it comes to eating grapefruits. Grapefruits contain an enzyme which interferes with some medications like calcium channel blockers. Also, reducing the amount of fatty foods and foods high in cholesterol may help in maintaining blood pressure. These fatty foods cause plaque to build up on the walls of arteries, narrowing them and causing blood pressure to rise.

Exercise

A sedentary, inactive lifestyle has been associated with being one of the risk factors for developing high blood pressure. Getting at least 30 minutes of exercise per day can reduce blood pressure by helping a person lose weight and reduce stress. Exercise can also strengthen the heart, allowing it to work more efficiently, which reduces its workload and decreases blood pressure.

Yoga is also effective in reducing stress levels and increasing strength, which may play a role in the control of blood pressure.

Supplements and Herbs

Many studies have advocated the use of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) for reducing blood pressure. CoQ10 can be taken in doses up to 200 mg daily. Side effects include diarrhea, rash and lowering of blood glucose levels.
Hawthorn is an herb that acts as a vasodilator, improving blood flow and reducing blood pressure. Hawthorn also has mild diuretic effects as well, which may help in reducing fluid in a person with hypertension.

Hawthorn may be take in increments of 300 mg 3 times per day. Rauwolfia is an root used in traditional Indian medicine. It works by acting on the sympathetic nervous system to reduce blood pressure. Rauwolfia should not be used by pregnant women or women who may become pregnant and may also have adverse effects on people with gastrointestinal problems.

Surgical Options

Until very recently, surgical options were not available to treat hypertension. However, experiments have been done that show very promising results in the surgical treatment of high blood pressure. A device has been approved in Europe which consists of a small implant placed around the collar bone. It produces electrical pulses, which can tell the body’s blood pressure monitoring system that the pressure is too high. The brain then instructs the body to release hormones that can lower blood pressure.

Another surgery called renal sympathetic nerve ablation is a procedure in which nerves near the kidneys that are responsible for maintaining the RAA system are cauterized. This procedure is still in clinical trials in the United States and Europe.

Prevention

Hypertension is not always preventable, but never the less, some things can be done to minimize its effects or to delay its onset. First of all, it is important to maintain a healthy weight. Being thin reduces the amount of work the heart has to do and also the pressure on the artery walls. Losing weight may also prevent diabetes and blocked arteries.

Quitting smoking can also help to prevent hypertension. Studies have shown that stress may be a major contributor to hypertension. Reducing stress can help to control blood pressure. Stress can be reduced through making sure that an adequate amount of sleep is had and through meditation and relaxation. Finally, going for an annual check up can help to detect hypertension early, when it is easiest to control.

Patients with a family history of hypertension should be especially careful and take their blood pressure regularly in order to detect any anomalies as soon as possible.

Conclusion

Hypertension is a serious problem that afflicts millions of people throughout the world. Left unchecked, high blood pressure can cause serious problems like stroke, heart attack, and kidney failure. However, by carefully monitoring their blood pressure and getting regular check ups, most people can maintain adequate control over their blood pressure, thus lowering their risks of having a major complication.

While hypertension may not be preventable, several lifestyle changes can be made to delay its onset or prevent it all together.

Resources

cdc.gov

WebMd.Com

EverydayHealth.Com

Acne is a disorder that effects 80% of people between the ages of 11 and 30. This disease is caused by the overproduction of sebum in the glands beneath the skin, which in turn become irritated and create unsightly blemishes or pimples. There are many types of pimples:

• Whiteheads
• Blackheads
• Papules
• Pustules
• Nodules
• Cysts

Whiteheads are just underneath the surface of the skin while blackheads rise to the top and have a dark hue. Papules and postules are similar, both red or pink and tender. Nodules and cysts are the most serious of blemishes, and are deep within the skin and often very painful. All of these blemishes can be sensitive to light, touch or products, and are known to affect self confidence and appearance.

Other Names

Other names for acne include “breakouts”, “zits”, or “pimples.” Primarily affecting teenagers, acne can be embarrassing and hard to get rid of. Adult onset acne is becoming increasingly more common due to increased hormones in food and other outside factors.

People have been known to have acne breakouts well into their 40s or 50s, even if they did not experience acne as a teen. Acne is the most common skin disease in the world and effects people of all races and ethnicities.

Symptoms

Acne can come in many forms. Symptoms may include red and irritated bumps or blemishes, oily skin, and whiteheads or blackheads. Notoriously hard to define, this skin disease covers so many bases it is often hard to diagnose and therefore difficult to treat.

With many causes and outward manifestations, acne is a tricky disease to monitor and should be treated under the care of a dermatologist.

Other visible symptoms include redness or swelling of the skin, round bumps protruding from underneath the skin, and excessive oil. Those with acne tend to have it mostly on their face, but some cases are severe enough that the acne spreads throughout the skin. Sometimes this means blemishes appear on the back or chest, which are particularly hard to treat.

Causes

There are many proposed causes for acne. No one knows for sure what does and doesn’t affect its rate of appearance or severity, but some things are universally agreed upon as causes.

Hormones

Secreting various levels of testosterone and estrogen, hormones are made by the large glands throughout the body. These hormones effect everyone differently, but excessive levels of some may lead to symptomatic diseases, such as acne. These hormone levels are known to fluctuate greatly during the periods of puberty and menopause in women.

Birth Control Pills

Birth control pills actively effect the levels of hormones coursing throughout the body, so beginning or stopping a regimen can adversely affect the skin and cause a woman to develop acne.

Pregnancy

Another cause of severe hormone fluctuation, pregnancy causes many women to develop blemishes or pimples due to increased levels of gender specific hormones coursing through their bodies.
Heredity: It has been shown that if your parents had acne, you are at a higher risk. This means that extra care should be taken to monitor hormone levels and keep skin thoroughly clean.

Dirty Skin

Oily or excessively dirty skin is known to cause blocked sebum glands, which in turn leads to breakouts. Some people naturally produce more oil and therefore have “dirtier” skin than others. Make-up is another source of blocked skin follicles, as is sweat.

Medicine

Some medications can alter hormone levels or lead to excess oil production, both of which may cause acne. Other prescriptions make skin more sensitive to sun or to products.

Diet and Food

While the jury is still out on whether or not ingesting food can lead to acne, some doctors believe diets high in sugary or fatty foods can lead to increased sebum production. People who drink lots of water daily tend to have less problems with acne than those who don’t.

Risk Factors

There are several factors that make people more prone to acne, including the following:

• Excessively oily skin
• Family history of acne or skin blemishes
• Hormone therapy patients or those with unstable hormone levels
• Those prone to other skin disorders like Eczema or Psoriasis

Treatment

There are many different levels of treatment available for the common form of acne. Many are over the counter but some require the help and supervision of a physician, and some even require regular blood and urine tests. The following are common acne treatment methods:

Home and Herbal Remedies

(Between $10 – $50 per month):

Face Washing

Some people’s acne can be lessened or even eliminated by better skin treatment. This means daily or bi-daily face washings with an over the counter face wash. It’s best to use a product with salycilic acid levels around 1% if your acne is serious or spreading. It is also advisable to avoid wearing heavy or oily makeup as makeup is known to clog pores.

OTC Treatment

There are numerous over-the-counter topical gels and creams available designed to spot treat acne.

These solutions can be applied directly to the affected skin, and often work best when they are allowed to sit for hours at a time.

Popular acne treatment brands include Clearasil and Neutrogena. These products can be found at grocery, drug, or discount stores.

OTC Medicines

There are several topical solutions available with high levels of benzoyl peroxide, which kills acne-causing bacteria and also sloughs off dead skin.

These medications work well for milder forms of acne, or acne that is caused by overly oily skin. One of the more popular brands of this type of product is Proactv solution.

Echhinachea and Vitamin E

Some people maintain that altering the skin’s oil levels through the intake of vitamins or herbal supplements helps or even eradicates acne. These alternative solutions should be monitored with care, and used only after careful research and a talk with a doctor.

Pharmaceutical

(Between $20 – $100 per month):

Prescription Medications

There are a variety of prescription medications available that are designed to treat the worst and most persistent forms of acne. They include:

Antibiotics

These are mainly used to treat pustules and pustules and work by killing acne-causing bacteria. This can come in pill form or intravenously in serious cases.

Retinoids

A common treatment plan, retinoids open clogged pores by dissolving the top layer of skin. They’re most commonly seen as “Retin A” and can lead to serious side effects like peeling and redness as well as birth defects if not used correctly.

Prescription Pills

The most common type of prescription acne pill is Accutane, which has proven to be a highly effective form of treatment. Blood and urine must be monitored regularly to watch for liver problems. These drugs have also been linked to increased levels of depression.

Surgeries

(Between $100 and $3,000):

Cyst Removal

Only needed in the most serious of cases, a dermatologist may be enlisted to help remove nodules or cysts from beneath the skin. These types of blemishes can be painful and dangerous if left untreated, and a doctor can remove them with minimal damage and using an outpatient procedural method.

Cortisone Injection

In the case of a sudden outbreak or particularly bad pimple, a dermatologist may choose to inject cortisone directly into the offending pustule. A short term solution that is often quite painful, this treatment works well for those with a big event to attend or with one persistent mark.

Laser Treatment

Sometimes a pulsed dye laser may be used to target the deep tissue that stimulates sebum production. This is a costly but effective method of stabilizing not only acne, but Rosacea and common wrinkles, as well. Infrared lasers are also a common laser alternative.

When Should You See a Doctor

You should seek the attention of a dermatologist in the event of the following:

• If your acne does not improve with over the counter medications or topical solutions, you may need a prescription instead.
• If scarring is seen on the skin as it can be long-term, and may also mean your acne is causing you physical pain.
• If you are a woman and in conjunction with your acne develop irregular menstrual cycles or hair in unusual places, you may have a hormonal imbalance and should see a doctor.
• If your acne worsens suddenly and/or is accompanied by a fever or swelling, you may have a serious skin infection or bacterial infection that should be treated immediately.

Prevention Tips

If you or someone you know is worried about developing acne, consider the following tips for preventing it.

Take Care of Your Skin

This means regular washings as well as careful application of lotions and topical solutions. Being too rough with your skin can also worsen breakouts, so keep washings to less than two times a day, and do not rub skin too hard when cleansing. Sports helmets, cellphones, and even hats can run skin in a way that causes increased sebum production, so be sure to wash the area that has been touched by a foreign object immediately. Clearing the skin of this excess oil can help prevent future breakouts.

Stay Out of the Sun

While the sun may temporarily dry up skin, eliminating acne momentarily, skin’s exposure to sun ultimately leads to increased sebum production, which is a cause of acne. Among the other dangers of skin damage, the sun is harmful to those taking certain acne medications.

Drink Lots of Water

A good suggestion for overall health, studies have found that those who drink upwards of 50oz. of water a day tend to have clearer skin. This may be due to a flushing effect or the effect water has on the circulation system.

Eat Fruits and Vegetables

Many produce products contain naturally beneficial vitamins and antioxidants that are known to combat acne internally. While it is not proven that fatty foods cause bad skin, it’s always a worthwhile effort to eat a healthier, more well-balanced diet.

Do Not Irritate the Skin

If you see acne of pimples appearing, do not squeeze or pop them as this may worsen them or lead to irritation. Sometimes scars are cause by overzealous cleaning or touching of skin blemishes, so try to stay hands-off.

Stay Stress Free

Stress is a known cause of acne, so employ different methods to ensure you keep your stress levels in check. This can mean talking to a friend, exercising regularly, or even meditation. Your skin will be able to feel a difference when you relieve your internal stress.

Winning the Acne War

Acne is a painful and embarrassing disease that can be treated. Contrary to popular belief, it does not solely affect teenagers and it should not go untreated. There are many different options when it comes to preventing and lessening the effects of acne, so see your dermatologist or do your research online to find out more about this disease.

As treatable as it is, there are no proven prevention methods for acne as some of its causes are beyond human control, such as heredity. Take the measures you can to keep your skin’s balance in check, but if you do happen to develop lesions or pimples, talk to a doctor to find out what the best course of treatment is for you.

Additional Resources

• Mayo Clinic Acne Section
• CNN, Acne & Depression Special Series
• American Academy of Dermatology
• EmedicineHealth, Acne Treatments

Wrinkles

People have been searching for the “Fountain of Youth” since the 16th century. Although the discovery of it was accredited to Ponce de Leon, there is no proof of this, and the legend did not come about until after his death.

However, that does not stop people from visiting St. Augustine, Florida, home of Ponce de Leon’s Fountain of Youth National Park.

While this is, of course, not the real fountain of youth, people still drink from it’s waters, which speaks volumes about how important it is to society to stay looking young and beautiful.

While the imaginary “Fountain of Youth” may not truly grant eternal youth, there are many options for the modern woman including homemade, natural remedies and their synthetic counterparts, and for the lucky few who can afford it, plastic surgery.

However, as with any endeavor, there are risks to be taken when delving into certain anti aging procedures such as chemical peels, botox injections, and going under the knife. Prevention is really the best way to start when talking about anti aging products and getting rid of wrinkles, so here are a few tips for heading those wrinkles off before they get a chance to set in.

Prevention

Don’t Smoke- Smoking is the number one cause of early aging in women today. Not only does it fill your body with toxins, it also causes wrinkles to form around the lips and corners of the mouth from constantly pursing your lips around a cigarette. Smoking reduces the flow of oxygen throughout your body, which leads to a gray and sallow complexion. People who have never smoked, or have quit smoking look and feel younger than those who never started.

Cut down on alcohol consumption

Alcohol consumption is another way to age a person beyond their years. Alcohol dehydrates the body, and over a long period of time, the skin will become shriveled in appearance, and more prone to wrinkles.

Often times, smoking and drinking seem to go hand in hand, and years spent in smoky environments will eventually take their toll on your skin. Reducing alcohol consumption to a glass of wine a night, or it’s equivalent, will work wonders for your overall health, well being, and appearance.

Stay out of the sun

Staying out of the sun is the best thing that you can do to protect your skin from becoming wrinkled. While getting a tan might look good for the moment, all the sun does is dry out your skin over and over again, causing it to become like leather as you age.

Always apply sun block when leaving the house, and take extra precautions like wearing sunglasses so that you are not constantly squinting at the sun, which will encourage fine lines around your eyes. Remember to put sunblock on your hands as well, as age spots on the hands, are an indicator of age no matter how smooth your face is.

Avoid stress

Stress is perhaps the #1 unseen killer today. Stress could very well age you faster than all of the factors already mentioned. People who are under a lot of stress tend to have neck, back, and shoulder pain, which stops them from enjoying life the way that they used to.

There really is some truth to the old saying that if you feel young, you look young. While there are many things that are going to be discussed in this article to slow down the aging process, at some point wrinkles will set in, and it is much better to have laugh lines, rather than those of a frown.

Get moving

Exercise is another way of slowing the aging process. Not only does it keep you physically fit, it reduces stress by getting your endorphins going, which will send out signals to your brain to be happy and relaxed. Exercise is also a good time for meditation and/or to connect with yourself, which will also reduce the stress in your life.

While prevention is the best way to remain looking young and wrinkle free, this does not mean that there is nothing that can be done to turn back the hands of time. There are a wide variety of creams, lotions, serums, and scrubs on the market today that are targeted towards that end. The trick is to know what the ingredients are in these products, and if they really work.

Skin Care Products

Every skin care line on the market today will suggest waiting “at least 2 weeks before seeing results”. While this may be true, it gives skin care companies quite a bit of leeway as to the quality of what they are using in their products.

Many of the ingredients found in the most popular skin care labels contain harmful/toxic ingredients that can cause skin irritation, dermatitis, and can also inhibit skin cell growth, which is essential to maintaining a youthful appearance.

This is why it is very important to read the product label before you buy a skin care product. With all the anti aging products on the market today, it may be difficult to know which ones are harmful as a whole, so here is a list of toxic/Toxic ingredients to look for in a skin care product.

Harmful/Toxic Ingredients

Petrolatum Products- Common petrolatum derivatives are mineral oil and paraffin. These leave a plastic like coating over your skin, which allows toxins to build up, and can eventually disrupt hormonal activity.

Parabens – Parabens are used as preservatives and ultimately mimic estrogen, which disrupts hormonal balance in the body.

Phenyl Carbolic Acid-Phenyl Carbolic acid can cause circulatory collapse, convulsions, and paralysis, possibly death due to respiratory failure.

Propylene Glycol– Propylene Glycol while used as carrier oil for fragrance opals and as humectants in skin care lines, has also been found in paint; break fluid, and floor wax. It can cause inhibitive skin cell growth, dermatitis, skin irritation, and in severe cases kidney and liver damage.

Sodium Laureth Sulfate– Also known as Sodium laurel or Laurel Sulfate, this chemical is widely used in skin care products because of it’s ability to easily penetrate the skin, and break down other products making it easier for them to pass through the protective barrier of the skin.

In combination with other chemicals, it can cause hair loss. Along with Propylene Glycol, this is another chemical known to be used for industrial purposes, and can be found in engine degreasers and car shampoos.

Toulene – Also known as benzine/benzyl, this is a well-known poison that can be harmful or fatal if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through the skin.

While this list may seem daunting, there is a website called Skin Deep that has a list of products that are broken down by brand that gives them a score as to how harmful they are to your skin. It is very user friendly, and you can simply type in your favorite brand of moisturizer to see what kind of score it gets.

While you may be surprised at how many reputable skin care lines receive a high score as far as containing harmful products, rest assured that there have been great strides made in the Natural/Organic world of skin care. Actually, the modern world is just now realizing what people of old have known for hundreds of years. Natural oils that are derived from plants and herbs are much closer to fitting the oils that our bodies produce naturally.

Although there are products that are on the market today that are produced in the laboratory which will be discussed along with the natural oils, it seems that some of nature’s ways that have stood the test of time might be the better choice in anti-aging products, but that is your decision to make. Here is a list of oils, and products that are considered safe for your health and well being.

Safe Non Toxic Products For Your Skin

Cynergy TK– this is a new product that is said to stimulate the regrowth of your own collagen and elastin, which leads to fewer wrinkles, and a more youthful appearance.

CQ10– while the benefits of CQ10 have long been known among the medical and cosmetic field, there is a form of it that is much better for anti aging purposes.

When looking at a skin care product label, look for Nano Lipobelle H-EQ10. This form of CQ10 is said to be able to penetrate 7 layers of skin.

Hyaluronic acid- Hyaluronic acid is literally the “glue” that holds together the collagen and elastin fibers in your skin. Loss of this acid leads to dark circles and loss of a youthful appearance.HA is naturally occurring in the body, but decreases with age in most individuals. While it can be found in many anti aging products, it is recommended that it also be taken in supplement form, so that it can work from the inside out.

Phytessence Wakame-This is exotic kelp, which is native to the Japanese sea. This is helpful to your anti aging routine because it blocks an n enzyme called hyaluronase, which breaks down hyaluronic acid.

Coconut oil– Coconut oil has been known for centuries for it’s moisturizing abilities. It also very close in structure to sebum, the oil that our bodies produce naturally. For this reason, coconut oil is absorbed easily into the skin, and a little bit goes a very long way. Not only is it good for skin care, but is also considered a healthy fat.

Olive oil– Olive oil is another oil that has been used for hundreds of years for it’s healing, moisturizing, and heath benefits when used for cooking. Olive oil is a very versatile product that can be mixed with other natural ingredients in your home to make skin scrubs, hot oil treatments, and a multitude of other home remedies.

Jojoba oil– Jojoba oil is just as effective as coconut and olive oil, and can be used in the same way as olive oil to make homemade beauty treatments.

Vitamin C – Along with its cold fighting properties, Vitamin is an anti- oxidant that promotes collagen production and helps to recycle Vitamin E. When used in skin care products Vitamin C promotes less wrinkles, tougher skin, and an all around smoother complexion. Not only that, but it also repairs skin that has been damaged by UV rays and smoking. Some people have reported that Vitamin C can cause some stinging and irritation when applied to the face.

Vitamin E – Vitamin E is still one of the best things you can apply to your skin for wrinkle control. When applied regularly it will lend a youthful and wrinkle free look to your face. There have been reports of red and swollen skin when using Vitamin E regularly, but this is rare.

Aloe Vera– Known for it’s healing properties, Aloe Vera is also very good for tightening the skin, and when mixed together with Vitamin E in equal parts, you have a double duty anti aging cream that will soften as well as tighten your face. Although this is a very good eye cream, care should be taken not to get it in the eyes.

Royal Jelly– Royal Jelly is what the queen bee eats to survive and is reportedly the one of the most nutritious things you can eat. Whether applied topically to your skin, or taken in supplement form Royal Jelly is definitely a force to be dealt with in the anti aging scene. People who have known allergies to bees should not consume royal jelly as paralysis or even death could occur. If you do not know if you are allergic to bees, you may want to consult with your doctor for an allergy test before consuming Royal Jelly.

Alpha Lipoic Acid – Alpha Lipoic Acid is a naturally occurring anti-oxidant, which acts as a defoliant, and reduces the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and age spots. Another benefit of using this product is that it has a protective effect on Vitamin C and E, which encourages regeneration of the cells. Common side effects are inflammation.

While this is a very comprehensive list of anti aging products that are on the market today, this is really just the tip of the iceberg. Modern technology is striving every day to come up with new ways to help people stay looking younger, longer.

However, as the old saying goes, beauty is not only skin deep. Many times, what you see reflected in the mirror is a result of what you have been putting in your body. Good nutrition is essential in maintaining a youthful, healthy appearance. Staying away fro overly processed, prepacked foods that are filled with preservatives and saturated fat is not only unhealthy for your heart, but when you are not healthy it shows in your face.

Eating Vegetables

Eating green leafy vegetables such as fresh spinach and collard greens are essential for a healthy diet, as well as eating fresh fruit. While eating red meat in moderation is acceptable, fish is a much better source oh Omega 3 fatty acids, which lead to all around whole body health. Also, the great debate about eggs is finally over. What people have known for generations is true; eggs are full of protein, and with one egg healthy to consume or not.

Cosmetic Surgery

While many people cannot afford the luxury, cosmetic procedures such as botox injections, chemical peels, and plastic surgery cannot be left out of the anti aging scene. Unfortunately, though it seems that there are more risks than benefits when it comes to these kind of medical procedures.

Whether the doctors or the patients are to blame is a purely a case by case debate, the effects of plastic surgery gone wrong can be scary. Many times, it almost becomes an addiction for some people who are aspiring to get the “perfect” appearance, only to come out years later looking like a parody of themselves.

Other times, people have gone in thinking they could trust their doctor, and found out differently after it was too late. Cosmetic surgery can definitely be a benefit to women who want to get a face lift, or repair sagging eyelids, but it is very important to find the right surgeon, and do some research before going under the knife.

Word of mouth is still the best advertisement, and when looking for a surgeon to work on your most precious asset, it might be best to try to find someone that you know you can trust.

Considering Your Options

Whatever route you choose to take with anti aging creams and potions, remember that only you can decide what is best for you.. Before investing in the latest “miracle” cream, do some research, and see what it is all about.

Or go to the drug store, and try some of the samples that they have out. Also, never doubt the power of some of the natural remedies mentioned in this article, because centuries of women cannot be wrong. Above all else, remember that looking young has a lot to do with feeling young, so have fun on your quest for the best wrinkle cream out there, or try making one at home.

The possibilities are endless as long you feel good about yourself, and reading this article is a step in the right direction. Now, just get out there get moving, and see what the world has to offer!

Resources

nlm.nih.gov

Mayoclinic.Com

EverydayHealth.Com

What exactly is a cold sore?

A cold sore is a common ailment. They are commonly called fever blisters, or they are known medically as herpes labialis.

A cold sore consists of small blisters that form close to the mouth and on the lips. These blisters cause the skin close to them to become red, swollen and sore.

Many times, the blisters will burst open and a clear fluid may come out of them. Afterword, they will scab over and usually heal, on their own, in about two weeks.

What are symptoms of a cold sore?

The symptoms of cold sores differ from person to person.

Common symptoms include pain around the mouth and parts of the lips, a sore throat, swollen glands in the neck or a high fever.

Young children may drool slightly before getting a cold sore. Someone who has had one before may just be able to “feel” a new cold sore coming.

What causes a cold sore?

The herpes simplex virus is usually the culprit of these painful sores. There are two types of the herpes simplex virus. These are known simply as herpes simplex virus one and herpes simplex virus two. Each of these can cause cold sores, although the sores are usually caused by HSV-1.

The virus will often sneak its way into the body via a break in the skin close to the mouth. It can spread through infected bodily fluids when people do things like kiss or share a razor or eating utensil.

Once a person has an episode of herpes, the virus stays within the body. It lies dormant and can emerge at any time at or near the original site. Reemergence of the virus can be triggered by menstruation, fever, stress, fatigue, or sun exposure.

What are risk factors of getting a cold sore?

The biggest risk factor of getting a cold sore is a previous experience with a cold sore. Once a person has the herpes simplex virus, it never leaves the body and that person will most likely get other cold sores throughout his or her life, especially during times of stress.

A risk factor of getting a cold sore for the first time is exposure to someone with a cold sore. It can be spread easily through contaminated objects.

Age is another risk factor. Infants and young children have a high chance of getting cold sores.

Immunocompromised people, such as those with AIDS or people on chemotherapy are also at high risk for cold sores. Cold sores may spread to large parts of the lower face or even invade organs.

What are some good ways to prevent cold sores?

Once a person has contracted the herpes simplex virus, the best way to prevent a cold sore is by boosting the immune system. If the virus hasn’t been contracted, cold sores can be prevented by avoiding the herpes simplex virus itself. To do so, stay away from body fluids of an infected person, and don’t share eating utensils, drinking cups, or similar items with a person who has a cold sore.

How is a cold sore diagnosed?

Most of the time a doctor can diagnose a cold sore simply by looking at it and asking a few questions. Cold sores can sometimes be mistaken for other things such as abrasions, razor burns, pimples, angular stomatitis, and canker sores. In these cases where the diagnosis is not obvious, the doctor may order tests to confirm what is really going on.

One test a doctor can do is to take a swab of the sore and incubate it to see if the virus can be detected. The doctor will use a swab to get a sample of the infected area. The swab must be taken in the first 48 hours of the outbreak and before the blister has crusted over.

The sample will be incubated for a minimum of three to five days and may confirm the presence and type of herpes simplex virus. However, a negative viral culture does not mean that the patient is actually negative for the virus. If the swab is taken after the sore has started to heal, the virus may not show up in lab results.

Blood tests can also be done to correctly diagnose cold sores and to rule out other problems such as canker sores, impetigo, syphilis, chickenpox, or lip cancer.

What are complications the go along with cold sores?

When a cold sore is present, the herpes simplex virus can spread to another part of the infected person’s body and cause another cold sore. This is known as autoinoculation. The most serious type of autoinoculation is known as ocular herpes. It is characterized by lesions and severe pain around the eye. It can lead to serious eye damage or blindness.

The herpes simplex virus can rarely cause encephalitis in the brain. This infection requires antiviral medications to be given intravenously and hospitalization.

Rarely, people that experience a cold sore outbreak can also experience erythema nodosum. This is a nonspecific skin reaction that presents itself as redness and painful skin lumps that are usually on the front side of the legs. This condition usually resolves on its own in three to six weeks.

How are cold sores treated?

If left alone, a cold sore will usually heal on its own in a few days. However, they can cause pain and embarrassment. If desired, there are different ways to treat cold sores and help them heal faster.

What are home remedies for cold sores?

When an outbreak occurs, it is important for the person to wash his or her hands frequently to reduce the spread of the virus to various other body parts or to other people.

One home remedy for a cold sore is covering the sore with petroleum jelly or with a local anesthetic ointment containing benzocaine to alive the pain. However, covering the sore with makeup will most likely make the sore worse.

Getting a new toothbrush after the outbreak has started and after the cold sore is gone is a good way to stop the spread of the virus. Toothbrushes can harbor the virus and spread them to other areas of the mouth.
Put some kind of sun protection on the lips before going outside. Use something that contains at least 15 SPF or higher.

Eating Licorice

Eat licorice. Studies have shown that glycyrrhizic acid, which is found in licorice, can help to stop cold sores. Licorice powder is also available, but be careful. There can be negative side effects if too much is used.
Use an ice pack on the sore when it first arrives.

Getting the sore cold may provide relief from the pain and it also cuts down the time that a cold sore will be there. Popsicles work too, but don’t eat juice bars. The acid in juice bars may irritate the sore.

Use Milk

Soak a cotton ball in milk and apply it to the sore. This will work to relieve the pain. It can also work to speed the healing, especially if put on the lip when you feel a cold sore coming.

What are herbal remedies for cold sores?

Some herbs that are helpful in healing cold sores are lemon balm and Saint John’s wort.

Either of these should be dabbed on to the lip or mouth as soon as a cold sore is noticed. They should be use several times a day.

Oregon grape is another herb that works on cold sores because it is an antiviral herb. Other herbs to consider using are ones that will boost the immune system such as Echinacea. One teaspoon of strong Echinacea root decoration can be swished around in the mouth for several minutes then swallowed three times per day.

Chamomile is another thing that can be used. It contains a substance called bisabolol that helps heal sores of the mucous membranes. Herbs can cause side effects, and can interfere with other medications being taken. Many herbs should not be taken by pregnant or nursing women. Talk to a doctor before starting any herbal routine. Most of these herbs are available as supplements at local drug stores or online for a pretty decent price.

What are the medicinal remedies for cold sores?

There are many prescription and non-prescription creams, tablets, liquid drops, lip balms, and gels that claim to help cold sores.

Some of them include:

Abreva Abreva is a non-prescription cold sore medicine approved by the FDA to shorten healing time of cold sores. It is placed directly on the cold sore. It has side effects such as headaches, painful menstrual periods, and a stuffy or runny nose. It sells from $12 to $20 dollars for a .7 oz container.

Anbesol Cold sore Therapy Ointment with Vitamin E and Aloe. This provides maximum strength pain relief of cold sores and moisturizes while it treats and protects. This treatment can cause stinging, severe allergic reactions, edema, cardiovascular problems, dermatitis, and methemoglobinemia. It sells for about $7 for a .33 oz container.

Quantum Super Lysine plus Cold Sore Cream This is to be applied at the first sign of cold sores. It is said to be able to block the outbreak or speed up the healing time. It sells for $11 for a .75 oz bottle.

Cold Sore Rescue Cold Sore Rescue is an all natural gel that combines anti-viral and anti-inflammatory herbs to promote quick healing of cold sores. It sells for $9.95 for a .27 oz tube.

Orajel Medicated Cold Sore Swabs These are easy to apply swabs that go directly onto the cold sore. These are about $4.00 per box.

Herpetrol Cold Sore Relief Gel This gel works to relieve the pain that accompanies cold sores. It does not heal the cold sore any faster than normal. It sells for $6-$8 dollars for a .25 oz package.

Zilactin Cold Sore Gel This gel creates a temporary film around the sore that will reduce irritation and temporarily relieves pain from cold sores. It sells for about $7 for a .25 oz package.

These are just a few of the commercially available products that claim to help cold sores heal or to relieve the pain of cold sores. There are only two FDA approved prescription medications. They are Denavir cream 1% and Zovirax cream 5%.

Denavir cream works by interfering with the growth of the herpes virus. It can reduce the pain of the cold sore and speed up the healing. It is a cream that is applied directly to the sore. Side effects are rare, but may include headaches, hives, itching, numbing of the skin, pain, rash, skin discoloration, swelling in the mouth and throat, taste or smell alteration, tingling, or worsened condition.

Zovirax cream is used in the same way as Denavir cream. Its side effects include allergic reactions, burning, dry or cracked lips, dry or flaky skin, eczema, hives, inflammation, itchy spots, or stinging. Prescription medications are generally more expensive than non-prescription, depending on the type of insurance you have.

If you don’t have insurance, or if you insurance plan doesn’t cover prescriptions, use natural or over the counter remedies or allow the cold sore to heal on its own.

Resources

EmedicineHealth.Com

MedicineNet.Com

WebMd.Com

Prostate Disorders

About the Prostate

The prostate gland is anatomically positioned inferior to the urinary bladder and is roughly the size of a walnut. By the time a man reaches the age of twenty, the gland weighs approximately twenty grams.

As the age of a person increases, the gland begins to grow at a slow rate. It surrounds a short section of the urethra known as the prostatic urethra.

Physiologically, the prostate is predominately associated with semen production and houses the ejaculatory duct.

The prostate gland generates about thirty percent of the semen’s composition. As important as this particular gland is, it is also commonly linked to some of the most common disorders in males today. The most common types of prostate disorders are benign prostatic hyperplasia, also known as BPH, prostate cancer, and prostatitis.

Different Types of Prostate Disorders

There are several different forms of prostate disorders ranging from swelling to cancer of the gland. Benign prostatic hyperplasia, or BPH, is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland in men. The problem with this increase in size is that is has a compressing effect on the prostatic urethra, which may then obstruct the passage of urine. Prostate cancer is simply a cancer that starts in the gland itself.

Unlike most cancers, this form of cancer develops slowly and shows no signs or symptoms until the disease has progresses to later stages. Once the cancer has spread to other areas, the problem is no longer curable but the effects can be managed for many years. Prostatitis is the inflammation of the prostate gland due to infection. This can be caused by numerous reasons but the most common cause is due to bacteria.

Symptoms

While there are many different divisions within the subject of prostate disorders, many of them often express some of the same signs and symptoms. One of the most common tell tale signs of a prostate related disorder is the burning feeling or sensation during urination. When the prostate enlarges it places more pressure on the urethra.

Because of a layer that surrounds the gland, it enlarges inward towards the urethra rather than outward. This compresses the urethra with a great deal of pressure and makes it more difficult to expel urine. Frequent urination and the feeling that your bladder never completely empties are also signs of a prostate disorder.

Other signs and symptoms include the following

• Hematuria- this is a condition in which blood appears in the urine
• Anemia- a condition in which the body does not have a sufficient amount of red blood cells or hemoglobin
• Urinary tract infections- infections located within the bladder or urethra
• Pain in the pelvis region
• Nocturia- frequent urination at night

Note that the symptoms of prostate disorders are not limited to this list only. There are others associated with it as well. If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, then it is a good idea to contact your contact your doctor for professional advice and treatment.

Causes

As with any other disease, there are numerous causes to prostate disorders. Each type of disorder has a separate list of causes.

The cause of benign prostatic hyperplasia is thought to be a due to a change in hormone balance associated with old age. This particular disorder is very common with men over the age of seventy five. In this disorder, the gland increases in size very slowly. The problem may begin as early as 30 years of age and show no symptoms until the late 60’s of 70’s.

As for the cause of prostate cancer, a direct, factual answer is still yet to be determined. However, there are many risk factors that can increase the chances of contracting this type of cancer. Prostate cancer seems to be related to age. Men between the ages of 55 and 70 have the highest risk for developing this disorder.

Also, poor diets have been associated with the disease as well. In particular, diets high in animal fat seem to have the most correlation with the cancer. Finally, while it has not been proven, recent theories believe that having a vasectomy may increase the chance of developing prostate cancer.

Prostatitis is similar to prostate cancer in the sense that little is known about the disease in regards to what triggers it to occur. Many believe that it is closely associated to a bacterial infection, but are still searching for other causes. The bacteria can enter the prostate though the urethra, from urine that has been exposed to a bladder infection, or by the use of a catheter.

Risk Factors

While there is a limited amount of information pertaining to the physiologically causes of prostate disorders, there is a decent amount of information regarding the risk factors.

Age is one of the greatest factors that can put one at risk for prostate disorders. After a man reaches the age of fifty, the chances of contracting one of these diseases rises sharply. In fact, approximately ninety percent of men over the age of seventy have some level of BPH. For some more statistical evidence, prostate cancer affects about nine percent of men over the age of fifty.

Race is another factor that can increase the chances of developing some type of prostate disorder. For some reason, prostate disorders are more common in African American men. However, the reason as to why this statement is true is not entirely clear. Non-Hispanic whites are also at a greater risk than Asian and Latin Americans.

Another interesting risk factor is nationality. Problems associated with the prostate gland are more common in areas such as North America and Northwestern Europe than in countries like Asia, Africa, and South America. However, some argue that not enough testing is being done in some of these underdeveloped nations, while more tests are carried out in those that are more developed.

Family and Diet

Prostate cancer has been known to run in families. Men with family members that have had a prostate disorder are more likely to get it as well.

Diet is another subject that may play a role in determining the causes of prostate related problems. In some clinical studies, men that consumed diets rich in red meat and low in fruits of vegetables seem to have a bigger chance of getting a disorder. However, this information is still unclear and is still being investigated.

Tests and Diagnostics For Prostate Disorders

There are a couple of tests that can be used to detect prostate cancer. One of the most efficient ways to detect a disorder is to get a digital prostate examination. Of all the tests, this is the easiest one to perform.

The doctor simply goes though the anus and with their finger they can detect tumors, masses, or swelling in the gland. If the digital prostate exam raises suspicion, the next step would be to get a PSA blood test. PSA stands for prostate specific antigen. This is a protein that is specific to prostate cancer which makes it very effective at diagnosing the problem.

While this is indeed a great tool for detection, it is not foolproof. PSA levels may also rise if there is any inflammation, infection, or urinary retention near the prostate. These two measures are great for detecting a probable diagnosis but the only method that will give you a definite answer is a biopsy of the prostate.

This procedure is guided by a transrectal ultrasound. The ultrasound images are used to guide a needle which the doctor uses to extract small tissue samples. Biopsies can also be performed using a cytoscope. In this method, the tool is inserted through the urethra rather than through the rectum.

Prevention Techniques

While there is no method to date that prevents prostate disorders, some think that diet may lower the risk.

Low fat diets consisting mainly of fruits and vegetables may reduce the risk of prostate cancer. On the contrary, diets that are heavy in animal fats may increase the risk of developing a problem.

Many doctors also believe that there are a few vitamins that can also decrease the risk of prostate cancer as well. However, the subject of vitamins and prostate disorders is still an ongoing study to determine whether or not some vitamins are preventative.

Note that you should contact your doctor before going through with any form of treatment for prostate related disorders.

Treatment

Due to the fact that prostate disorders are among the most common diseases there are several ways in which to treat these problems.

One method of treatment for prostatitis is called prostatic message. In this method, the doctor places his finger though the rectum and messages the prostate gland. This treatment is performed several times a week. It is thought that this treatment helps to open blocked ducts and improve circulation.

Prostatic message is not performed on patients while acute prostatitis because it could cause the bacteria to spread. Other methods of treatment include Acupuncture, biofeedback, and counseling.

BPH

BPH also has several ways in which it can be treated. In most cases, waiting and monitoring is the best thing that you can do. It is important to stay on top of medical exams in order to control the disorder properly. In addition to this, there are also drugs that be taken to help as well. Two popular drugs include finasteride and terazosin. While these drugs do not rid the problem, they do help in maintaining progression. Finally, the most effective treatment is surgery.

There are many different ways to go about treating prostate cancer. There are several classes of drugs that are used for this purpose. Leiteinizing hormone – releasing hormone (LH-RH) agonists are one of the classes. LH stimulates the prostate to secrete androgens and seminal secretions.

By inhibiting these secretions, the prostate is put under less pressure. Some of the drugs in this class are Leuprolide, Goserelin, and Buserelin. Antiandrogens are another class of drugs used for treatment. Like LH-RH, these drugs minimize the secretions of the prostate. Flutamide and Bicalutamide are common drugs used in this class. Adrenal gland inhibiting drugs are also used in treatment.

Additional Drugs & Regimen

This class includes drugs such as Ketoconazole and Aminoglutethimide. The adrenal gland releases secretions that stimulate the prostate. As with the other drugs, this class inhibits those secretions thus decreasing strain on the gland. Finally, total androgen blockade is a drug therapy regimen that combines testosterone blockers and adrenal gland blockers.

With this regimen, secretion of testosterone and other androgens is completely suppressed. While these drugs do work, the most effective treatment is surgery. With surgery, you can remove the cancer and in most cases prevent re-occurrences. There are many methods in which you can perform the surgery.

The most common procedure done is a prostatectomy. This is the complete removal of the prostate. This generally tends to be the most effective because the rate of re-occurrence is the lowest.

Resources

mayoclinic.com

emedicinehealth.com

medicinenet.com

Cracked Heels

Dry skin is a primary culprit of cracked heels. The body produces no oil in the palms of hands and on the bottom of the feet.

Therefore, the area remains dry most of the time. The feet require more care than other parts of the body in order to remain moisturized and free of cracks.

Today, most individuals engage in pedicures to remove dead skin and promote healthy skin. Regular cleaning and removal of the skin through various techniques will minimize the effects of cracked heels.

Individuals who do not use proper hygiene on their feet accumulate up to 30 times more skin in that area than on other parts of the body.

Heels are also more prone to cracking with age. Cracks or deep wounds may facilitate the development of infections. Calluses are thickened skin that may also form on the toes.

Where to Expect Foot Cracks

Though cracks in the skin may arise anywhere on the body, the most common is area is the rim of the heel and web of toes. This also happens to be the most frequently or constantly used part of the body. Dry skin and psoriasis are common causes of cracked heels.

Most foot problems arise due to neglect and oversight with regard to foot care. Cracked feet, corns and other common feet ailments are treatable and easily avoidable.

Avoid Infections

Cracked heels are not a harmful in anyway except when the fissures or cracks are deep. Over time, the cracks tend to become painful, and the skin begins to bleed.

This could lead to infection. This situation is avoidable. However, those already suffering from chronic ailments, such as diabetes or a low immune system, may experience more problems than people who have general good health.

Athlete’s Foot is also a common cause culprit of cracked heels.

There are several types of Athlete’s Foot that may contribute to cracked heels

• Toe Web Infection
• Moccasin Web Infection
• Vesicular Web Infection

Each of these common infections will be explained thoroughly in the causes section of this article.

Not only will attention to the feet reduce the chances of contracting Athlete’s Foot and other awful skin conditions, foot care may also release stress and remove toxins from the body.

Sufferers from arthritis, fatique and hyperglycemia may benefit from foot care, as well. Foot care will also enhance the person’s beauty. Most individuals become self conscious when attempting to wear sandals with cracked heels.

By maintaining proper moisture on the feet, individuals will feel confident about wearing sandals that expose the feet. Cracked heels will draw unwanted attention to feet and detract from an individual’s overall appearance. Podiatrists recommend focusing on the foot care each day or once per week to maintain a healthy appearance.

Alternative Names

Cracked heels are medically referred to as heel fissures. The wounds are linear and superficial in most instances. This becomes a problem when the cuts are deep into the dermis and become painful. Cracked heels may also indicate a zinc or omega-3 fatty acid deficiency.

Cracked heels may also occur due to Athlete’s Foot. Athlete’s Foot is often referred to as “tinea pedis.” This term describes an infection of the skin that may crack, scale, flake or itch. The infection is fungal and may also be referred to as the ringworm of the foot.

The fungus is in the Trichophyton family. Most individuals contract the fungus through the feet, but the disease may spread to other areas of the body. The fungus may also spread to the groin area. The fungus thrives in moist and damp areas.

Therefore, it is most often contracted in areas, such as showers or bathhouses, where people walk around barefoot. The best way to prevent Athlete’s Foot is through good hygiene. Pharmaceuticals and other treatments are available to cure the fungus once contracted.

Symptoms

Individuals suffering from cracked feet will notice small tiny lines in the feet. This marks the beginning of dry, cracked heels. In the case of Athlete’s Foot,

the symptoms may be any of the following

• Cracking
• Scaling
• Flaking
• Itching
• Splitting Skin
• Blisters

Individuals experiencing these symptoms should seek a physician or treat with an antibiotic. Several over the counter creams are available.

Other symptoms may be specific to the type of Athlete’s Foot contracted.

Some of the related symptoms to Athlete’s Foot are listed below

Toe Web Infection

When an individual contracts a toe web infection, then the skin will often turn moist or pale white. The feet may itch, burn, and develop an odor. As the condition worsens, the skin between the toes will crack, peel and become scaly.

If the condition gets even worse, a bacterial infection may also develop which may cause the skin to break down further. The skin may also blister or form a vesicular infection. The condition may spread to the lower leg. Most toe web infections will respond well to treatment.

Moccasin Web Infection

This type of infection begins with dryness, itching, burning, scaly skin, or minor irritation. Over time, the condition causes the skin to thicken and the heels to crack.

In some instances, toe nails may fall off after they become infected. Before the nail falls off, the nail will thicken and crumble. If the infection is persistent, it may often return if not treated. Good personal hygiene will prevent the disease from returning. Most of these infections are chronic and may be difficult to treat.

Vesicular Web Infection

These infections begin with an outbreak of blisters. The feet may suffer from inflammation and become red in appearance. Blisters may erupt again after the initial infection. Bacterial infections may develop if the condition is left untreated. This type of condition frequently develops when a toe web infection is left untreated. Blisters may also appear on the palms and fingers. These types of infections do respond well to treatment.

If the condition spreads to other parts of the body, the disease is no longer referred to as tinea pedis. The fungus will be called astinea corporis, which afflicts the body. Alternatively, if the fungus spreads to the groin area, it is referred to as, tinea cruris or “jock itch” or “dhobi itch.” Onychomycosis is the name of the fungus if it spreads to the toe nails.

Causes

Some individuals suffer dry, cracked heels due to poor hygiene. The person may not exfoliate daily or moisturize well enough.

Additionally, it could occur because the person is not drinking enough water. Each of these factors may contribute to dry, cracked heels.

Individuals are recommended to moisturize the feet with a heavy cream and scrub daily. Petroleum jelly or other moisture rich products designed specifically for the heels may help.

Cracked heels may also indicate a deficiency in zinc and omega-3 fatty acids.

Athlete’s Foot may be contracted from moist, damp areas, such as a bath house or shower. It may also be contracted by sharing towels or shoes with someone who has Athlete’s Foot. Tinea pedis develops in a variety of ways. The fungus may also be treated in a variety of ways. To determine the cause and treatment, identify the type of Athlete’s Foot the individual is experiencing.

Some of the most common types of Athlete’s Foot are listed below

• Toe Web Infection
• Moccasin Web Infection
• Vesicular Web Infection

Other causes include

• Psoriasis
• Eczema
• Thyroid Disease
• Diabetes
• Age
• Shoes that do not fit properly
• Climate-related dry skin
• Vitamin deficiency, such as minerals or zinc
• Standing for excessive periods of time
• Heels that drag or hang over the side of sandals

Risk Factors

In general, cracked heels do not pose any risk factors as long as an fungal infection has not developed. Untreated cracked or dry heels may lead to a variety of problems.

Some of these problems may include the following

• Development of a chronic fungal disease that is difficult to treat
• Deep wounds may develop and bleed
• Fungus may spread to undesirable places on the body, such as groin area and the lower extremities
• Infection may set into the open wounds
• May be an indicator for a low immune system
• Infections such as diabetes may increase the risk for cracked heels
• Walking barefoot, sharing towels, and showering in public places with no protection on the feet may increase the risk for contracting the fungus

Seniors and people who stand on their feet frequently are most at risk for cracked heels. The condition may affect both the heels or one heel depending upon the origin of the stressor. Those who frequently shower in public places or walk barefoot are at risk for Athlete’s Foot.

Prevention Tips

Athlete’s Foot is spread from person to person. Thus, the disease is considered communicable. Since the disease is caused by the parasitic fungus, Trichophyton, individuals should take extra precautions to avoid the disease. Because the disease is a fungus it can spread easily from the feet to other areas of the body. Good hygiene is always the first step of prevention.

To avoid contracting Athlete’s Foot or developing dry, cracked heels, individuals must take the following precautions

• Avoid walking barefoot in public areas
• Avoid taking showers in public areas without proper foot protection, such as shower shoes or flip flops
• Do not share towels with other individuals
• Do not share shoes with other individuals
• Moisturize the feet with a heavy cream daily
• Remove dead skin with an abrasive, such as a pumice stone, foot scrub, or loofah
• If you contract a fungal disease, use the medication or antibiotic for the prescribed period of time
• If the fungus is not cured after the medication, seek the help of a physician
• Wear shower shoes

To prevent fungal spread in the home, individuals should take the following precautions

• Spray the tub and bathrooms with disinfectants each use to avoid the spread of the fungus.
• Launder towels, sheets, socks, underwear and bed clothes in hot water to kill the fungus.
• Change towels and bedsheets at least once per week
• Do not share towels with other household members
• Use a separate towel when drying areas that are infected
• Wash feet between toes with soap and water
• Dry feet thoroughly after showering
• Treat feet and shoes with over the counter drugs

Other prevention tips

• Limit the amount of sweat on the feet
• Wear well ventilated shoes
• Keep feet dry
• Wear lightweight cotton socks to reduce sweat, moisture wicking polyester socks with anti-microbial properties are the best
• Wash socks in hot water
• Wear a different pair of shoes everyday to keep feet dry
• Replace sole inserts in sneakers frequently
• Replace old sneakers and exercise shoes
• Wash with a soap that contains an antimicrobial and antifungal agent
• Regularly soak feet in vinegar and water
• Change socks frequently
• Use foot powders and antiperspirants

In general, people who have a genetic predisposition to dry, cracked feet should exfoliate regularly to remove dead skin and calluses. Use creams with alpha or beta hydroxy acids. Alternatively, urea also helps to remove dead skin. Creams with dimethicone penetrate the epidermis. This provides a protective layer to the skin which seals in the moisture.

Smelly feet often accompany dry, cracked feet. Smelly feet are not attractive. There are over 250,000 sweat glands in each foot that contribute to sweat and smelly feet. According to physician, Issac Tabari, smell is caused by “bacterial decomposition of excessive perspiration.” Companies have developed sprays and foot pads to combat sweating and odor.

Some of the popular drugs that assist with this common problem are as follows

• Dimethicone : Decreases moisture, sweat and therefore, fights Athlete’s Foot
• Triclosan: Eliminates odor causing bacteria through an antibacterial agent
• Chlorhexidine digluconate: Eliminates odor causing germs through an antibacterial agent
• Grillocin: Neutralizes foot odor
• Menthol: Masks odor through a cooling agent

Test and Diagnosis considerations

Athlete’s Foot can be diagnosed by a physician, dermatologist, pharmacist, or general practitioner. During diagnosis, the physician will physically inspect the skin to determine the cause of the cracked, dry skin. If the physician suspects the condition may be eczema or psoriasis, the physician may inspect the skin under a microscope with a potassium hydroxide mixture.

This test is often referred to as the KOH test. The physician will scrape the affected areas of the skin and inspect them under the microscope. The test usually yields an excellent positive predictive value. A biopsy may also be taken in order to evaluate for histological examination.

Treatment Options

Herbal and Home Remedies

• Apply cracked creams on your heels and drink a plethora of water.
• Eat foods rich in Vitamin E: Cereals, green vegetables, nuts, wheat germ, and nuts
• Eat food with Calcium and Iron: Yogurt, ice cream, meat, chicken and fish
• Eat foods rich in Zinc: Oysters, chicken, kidney beans, yogurt, crab
• Eat food rich in Omega-3 fatty acids: Fish, flaxseed oils

Tea tree oil may provide relief from itching. This is primarily due to its relation in the histamine response.

However, the treatment of Athlete’s Foot with tea tree oil has not been proven to entirely relieve symptoms. Further studies are being conducted to determine the evidence conclusively.

Onion extract has been proven to be effective in conditions against the Trichophyton fungus. A 3 percent solution is the recommended concentration of the onion extract. Ajoene is a compound found in garlic. The popular compound is often used to treat Athlete’s Foot. Boric acid is often applied in socks to prevent Athlete’s Foot. The treatment is effective for recurring infections.

Additional Treatment Options

Putting baking soda on the feet or sprinkling baking soda in the shoes changes the pH and alleviates symptoms associated with dry, cracked heels. Baking soda also eliminates odor. Epson salts will also soothe the feet if several tablespoons are applied to warm water. The salt will also loosen the dead skin and aid in the removal of dead skin.

Ionic foot spa is purported to remove toxins from the body. This is accomplished through electrolysis that removes toxins from the body by opening pores. The toxins are released into the water. Apply a banana to the dry or cracked area of the heel. Leave the substance on for 10 minutes and rinse. Soak feet in lemon juice weekly for 10 minutes until the feet are smooth.

Each day soak the feet in warm and soapy water. Then apply Vaseline and the juice of a lemon. Allow the mixture to absorb overnight while wearing socks. Apply glycerin and rose water daily.

Pharmaceutical

Severe fungal infections may require that individuals take oral anti-fungal medication in order to alleviate or cure the symptoms. The most common ingredients in prescription anti-fungal drugs include ketaconazole, itraconazole, naftifine, and nystatin.

Topical ointments may come in the form of a spray, powder, cream or gel. Most of the over-the-counter drugs contain miconazole nitrate in a 2 percent concentration and tolnaftate in a 1 percent concentration. Terbinafine is also a common over-the-counter drug. Zinc oxide based diaper rash ointment may also alleviate the symptoms. Talcum powder may also absorb moisture to fight infection.

Those who desire a topical treatment should not simply select an anti-itch ointment. These ointments may promote moisture and exacerbate the condition. Experts recommend the use of gels instead of creams for application of topical treatments. Lamisil and naftin both are available in a gel that penetrates the skin more rapidly than creams.

Resources

EverydayHealth.Com

Diabetes.WebMd.Com

MedicineNet.Com

Jock Itch

If you are male and engage in any type of rigorous exercise, then you undoubtedly have become familiar with a common, irritating condition called “jock itch.” There are a variety of other names associated with this affliction like jock rot, sweaty balls, or tinea cruris.

Although this condition is contracted principally by males, women are not immune to this infection and can suffer to the same degree as any man.

The symptoms are obvious. You feel a burning, sweaty, itching sensation in the groin area surrounding the genitals. The skin takes on a raw look and can begin peeling.

Your first instinct is to scratch the affected area incessantly and usually without much thought to it until you realize that the sensation is not dissipating and is actually spreading.

The infected area may also include the buttocks and inner thighs.

A look at the infected area canl reveal reddish, ring-shaped rashes and dampness. Although the infection is not serious, it can be extremely aggravating and embarrassing, especially if you are experiencing serious itching and are scratching the area in the presence of other people.

Causes

Jock itch, or jock rot, or whatever other appellation high school sophomores may give to this infection, is caused by a fungus called Trichophyton rubrum. It thrives in moist and damp areas of the body such as the genitals, groin or inner thighs. Sweating after exercise or even from being in hot, humid weather can cause the fungus to proliferate especially if you are wearing tight undergarments that can allow the fungus to proliferate.

Failing to bathe on a daily basis, especially if you exercise regularly or live in a humid environment, can make one susceptible. It has been suggested that a poor diet consisting of mostly junk foods, found in many an adolescent’s or teenager’s daily food regimen, can contribute to an infection. If you consume a great deal of fried, greasy or processed foods, you are weakening your immune system and not preventing this or any other infectious conditions from invading your body.

Risk Factors

It is obvious that maintaining a less than hygienic lifestyle is conducive to inviting infectious agents into your body. Other risk factors include obesity, which is nearing epidemic proportions in our country, as overweight people have a tendency to sweat easily. If they also fail to keep their bodies clean and dry, then their bodies are practically inviting any infection.

As noted above, eating a diet filled with greasy and fried foods will not stave off infections nor will the consumption of sugary foods and drinks or foods containing yeast. People who consume large amounts of alcohol which eventually becomes sugar are at risk as well.

Having a compromised immune system or having AIDS will put you at risk for this and any other infections, so it necessary to take any measures that will strengthen your immune system and lessen the chances of infection.

Prevention

Prevention of this common affliction is relatively easy. You could either just stop sweating or follow a healthier lifestyle that one should do in any event.

You should shower on a daily basis and take care to thoroughly dry the groin and inner thigh area.

Taking care to also dry the area between your toes will prevent athlete’s foot, another fungus that results in similar symptoms.

Dieting

A diet that is rich in vegetables and fruits will aid in prevention. These and other foods rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids aid in the prevention of free radicals and strengthen the immune and cardiovascular systems.

Although few people meet the daily recommended servings of fruits and vegetables, one can at least severely limit, if not entirely omit, sodas, diet or otherwise, from one’s diet and stop frequenting fast food restaurants.

You might also consider adding garlic to your food. Small amounts are recommended as garlic can have an irritating effect on one’s stomach. Because garlic has long been regarded for its anti-fungal properties, and can add flavor to many dishes, this can be a welcome and tasty preventative measure.

If you exercise regularly, be aware that your body will continue to sweat for about 15 minutes after you have completed your routine and needs that much time to cool down. Taking a shower or bath immediately after exercising will not slow or decrease the time it takes your body to stop sweating, so wait 15 minutes before showering. Use an antibacterial soap and wash the groin and inner thigh areas.

Carefully dry these areas after your shower and apply a talcum powder to keep these areas dry and less likely to become damp or moist.

Treatment & Remedies

There are a variety of commercial lotions and sprays that you can purchase that are relatively costly, but are usually effective. These include a cold or freezing spray that provides instant relief, although you may have to use the entire contents of the can to achieve complete and lasting relief.

Home remedies work just as effectively and are much less costly. The following is a list of the more common home solutions to this irritating condition.

Garlic and Honey

An old but effective remedy is to combine garlic and honey. Chop the garlic into very fine pieces and mix it with organic or unfiltered honey and apply it to the infected skin. The garlic should probably be mixed with warm water first before combining it with honey. Many people regard this combination as an effective treatment for acne as the sulfur in the garlic acts to disinfect the bacteria.

The same theory should apply to the Trichophyton rubrum fungus that is causing the infection surrounding the genitals. The only side effect is that the garlic may cause some irritation, but the honey does act as a moisturizer and might counteract that effect.

Apple Cider Vinegar

Apple cider vinegar has long been touted as a health tonic for digestion, joint pain, asthma, blood pressure, burns, cancer sores, cholesterol, and athlete’s foot among many others. The acids in the vinegar act as antibacterial agents.

The solution is made by combining equal parts of apple cider vinegar and water and then placing it in the refrigerator in a spray bottle. The spray will have a cooling effect that will bring added relief when applied to the inflamed skin.

Bleach

Another suggested remedy is to dilute 2 tablespoons of bleach in 16 ounces of hot water. Soak a wash cloth in the solution and wash the infected areas. Bleach is a skin irritant, however, and failure to adequately or properly dilute it can result in damaging your skin even further.

Zinc Oxide

An easy remedy is to use zinc oxide commonly found in diaper rash cream. A drawback in using this substance is that there a number of people who are allergic to it. You should not use this as a topical remedy if you are also allergic to zinc, dimethicone, lanolin, cod liver oil, petroleum products, parabens, mineral oil or wax. If you suspect an allergic reaction, then you should consider an alternative solution.

Tea Tree Oil & Cornstarch

Tea tree oil is a popular alternative substance that has powerful antifungal qualities. It is also a natural antispetic and germicide. It has been used to treat canker sores, tooth and gum infections, head lice, yeast infections, and is a natural deodorizer.

One should take care not to use too much as it may irritate the skin, especially if you already have a sensitive skin condition. If you have a history of allergies, use a small concentration as a skin test to see if increased irritation occurs and to minimize any reaction. Tea tree oil is a topical solution and must not be ingested.

Cornstarch is another useful and common remedy for treatment of jock itch. Cornstarch is derived from dried corn kernals and is the primary ingredient in baby powders. It can help the skin achieve a fresh, dry feeling and soothe the burning, raw effects from scratching the infected areas. Cornstarch can cause allergic reactions in people who are sensitive or allergic to corn or to any corn products.

Calendula

Calendula, used in cream form, is a natural antiseptic and anti-inflammatory substance. Derived from calendula flowers or marigolds, it possesses valuable skin healing properties and should be an excellent ointment to use.

It is also used for burns, cuts, insect bites, cracked and rough skin as well as athlete’s foot. Side effects from using calendula include dermatitis, allergies, lipid and protein reduction. If you are using narcotics or antidepressants or have blood pressure or glucose issues, you should consult with your physician even though you may be using relatively low doses of this substance.

Lavender Oil

Lavender oil, although mainly used for aromatherapy and as a remedy to relieve stress, headaches, depression and anxiety, is also known for its antiseptic and antifungal properties. It is useful in rapidly healing wounds, cuts and sunburn, and aids in the formation of scar tissue.

Because lavender is an herb and contains active compounds that can trigger side effects and interact with other herbs, supplements or medications, one should probably consult with either a physician or a health care provider with an expertise in botanical ingredients before using. Pregnant and breast-feeding women should avoid using lavender at all.

Vitamin E

Vitamin e has long been known to promote skin healing. It has traditionally been used in the treatment of sunburn and psoriasis and has been promoted for its anti-aging benefits. As a lotion, it protects the epidermis layer of the skin from UV rays.

Recent studies, however, have questioned the use of vitamin e creams and claim that it may worsen the appearance of scars. These studies are not supported by others that show that the beneficial effects far outweigh any preliminary studies to the contrary. If used topically, there are few if any known side effects.

Dandruff Shampoo

Some people have attested to the positive effects of dandruff shampoo for curing jock itch infection. Dandruff occurs as skin cells renew and shed old skin at a faster rate than normal. A severe case of flaking scalp may be related to an overgrowth of a type of yeast which occurs naturally on the skin. Many dandruff shampoos contain one or more ingredients of salicylic acid, sulfur, and zinc pyrithione.

Salicylic Acid

Salicylic acid is a mild antiseptic and aids in the penetration of antifungal agents and causes shedding of the outer layers of the skin. Sulfur is an antifungal agent that is used to get rid of the yeast that causes dandruff in some people. It is easy to see how the use of this type of shampoo may be a healing tonic for jock fungus.

The side effects of using a shampoo on fungus causing jock itch are rare, but the salicylic acid and sulfur might cause some burning or increased itching of the skin. Zinc pyrithione has also been known to cause pimples, so one should look for this if using a product containing this ingredient.

Mix and Match

One final remedy is a combination of tea tree oil, calendula and vitamin e. These ingredients create a healing antiseptic that calms and soothes the skin and is said to be effective against inflammation. Vitamin e acts as a natural preservative as well as protecting the skin.

Use whatever remedy sounds plausible to you keeping in mind the possible side effects and using caution if you do have other medical conditions for which you are taking prescribed medication. Do not overuse any of these home remedies and stop applying them immediately if further irritation occurs.

Resources

nlm.nih.gov

Mayoclinic.Com

EmedicineHealth.Com

Fevers

Fevers are your body’s way of letting you know something is off – your internal temperature is rising because your body is attempting to fight off an invading virus or infection.

There are many causes for the common fever, most of which are mild or only slightly worrysome. Some causes, however, can be an indication of something more serious and should be treated by a doctor immediately.

A fever is ultimately a symptom of a larger problem, some of which go away on their own and some of which must be resolved through medication and medical intervention.

Increase in Body Temperature

A fever is the technical term for an elevated body temperature, which may be measured in a variety of ways. Normal resting body temperature is around 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit, but may fluctuate up to a degree either way. To be technically declared a “fever”, the body must reach a temperature of 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit or higher.

Temperatures of over 104 degrees Fahrenheit are potentially serious and even deadly, so medical attention should be sought immediately. The elderly and children are particularly vulnerable to the effects a fever can have, so seek medical attention immediately if someone in this category attains a fever of more than 104 degrees Fahrenheit.

Alternative Names

There are no alternative names for fever as it is not a disease in and of itself. Often referred to as a “common fever,” fever is generally associated with hot skin, uncontrollable body temperature, and other diseases or infections.

Symptoms

The common fever can have many outward symptoms and is relatively easy to spot and diagnose. As the fever itself is actually a symptom, other symptoms accompany fever with any virus:

Sweating – Profuse sweating and feelings of relentless heat are the hallmark symptoms of fever.

Shivering – Caused by the chills that sometimes come with fever, shivering usually comes in bouts and can be stopped through the application of clothes or blankets.

Headache – Caused by the fluctuating hormone levels via your fighting immune system

Loss of Appetite – Common with an cold or virus, many people do not feel hungry until their body temperature has stabilized

Dehydration – One of the more dangerous side effects of fever, dehydration is a direct cause/effect and should be monitored carefully

Hallucinations – Common in high fevers, many patient become delirious as their bodies attempt to regulate themselves

Convulsions – Only found in the most severe of all cases, the body may go into a state of shock if the fever and subsequent virus have weakened it to this degree

Causes

There are many different reasons a person may contract a fever, all of which have to do with exposure to an outside influence. These causes include:

Viruses

These are among the most common causes of fever in adults, and contain the dreaded influenza virus. Viruses also cause nausea, vomiting, and sore throat, and can be very contagious.

If you suspect you have a virus, choose to quarantine yourself for the first 3 days of illness to avoid spreading it to other people. Viruses cannot be treated by antibiotics or other means and usually must be allowed to exit the body naturally. Viruses usually cause a fever only at onset, and can themselves last anywhere from 2 days to 2 weeks.

Bacteria

Bacteria can affect almost any part of the body, and a fever is the body’s natural defense mechanism in this case. Bacterial infections can and should be treated with antibiotics to minimize spread.

Some of the more common types of bacterial infections include central nervous system, which affects the brain and spinal cord and can be life threatening, and respiratory system, which include pneumonia and bronchitis.

Other types include genitourinary system, which affects urination, and gastrointestinal, which causes stomach discomfort and pain. One of the more common and severe causes of fever can be bacterial infection of the skin. Difficult to treat, this type of infection can spread quickly and is hard to track down within the body.

Fungus

Much like a bacterial infection, fungi can create an inhospitable environment within the body for blood cells. This causes a fever as white blood cells attempt to fight off the fungus.

Traveler’s Fever

This is a blanket classification for all types of fever that can be caused by diseases and bacteria contracted while traveling. These include hepatitis A, yellow fever, and measles, and travelers should take caution to get vaccinated before traveling to affected areas. Many of these viruses and infections are entirely preventable.

Risk Factors

There are no hard and fast rules for who is at the greatest risk for fever. Certain people, like those with underdeveloped immune systems, seem to be more susceptible than others to viruses and bacteria, particularly while traveling or in a new environment. People who work with children or animals also more prone to contracting disease, which ultimately may cause a fever.

Fevers can and do affect people of both genders, and of any age. The elderly are particularly vulnerable and likely to obtain fevers and should be monitored with care if the contract one. Ethnicity does not seem to play a part in fever contraction.

Prevention Tips

There is no sure-fire way to ensure you will not contract a virus or get a fever. It’s never possible to completely isolate yourself from disease, but there are a few simple steps that can be taken to minimize the risk of contracting a disease or fever-causing bacteria.

Wash your hands

Often and thoroughly! Each time you eat, use the restroom, or touch a public surface you should wash your hands or use hand sanitizer to kill the germs you’ve picked up. These germs cause and spread viruses that may lead to fever.

Avoid contact with sick people

The spread of disease is not limited to those who are already ill, but coming in close contact with sick people raises the risk of contracting their virus.

Clean wounds thoroughly

As many of the worst fevers are caused by infection, cleaning an open wound thoroughly and promptly prevents the spread of bacteria. Bacteria found in even the smallest cuts and scrapes can cause an infection that could bring with it a fever.

Testing & Diagnosing

There are numerous options for taking the body’s temperature, some more effective than others. The standard “hand on the forehead” measurement, while somewhat comforting, is hardly accurate at measuring body temperature.

The following are a few of the ways doctors and nurses use thermometers to take temperature measures:

• Axillary – Under the armpit
• Eardrum – Via the ear canal
• Oral – Through the mouth, under the tongue
• Rectal – Using a standard straight thermometer
• Electronic – Can be used orally or rectally

Treatment Options

The treatment options for fever, while they may temporarily reduce redness, swelling, or feelings of heat, do not actually treat the fever. Rather, they treat the disease that’s causing the fever itself. There are many over the counter and home remedy solutions available for treating and “curing” a fever, though most only help ease discomfort while the fever runs its course through the body.

Herbal and At Home Remedies

Drink Water

You have a fever because your body is working hard to cool you off and fight off disease.

This means you may be losing a lot of water through sweat and perspiration, so naturally, replacing this lost water can help bring your internal temperature down.

Drink Juice

Some say the vitamins and antioxidants found in fruit and vegetable juices help replace the fluid lost through fever as well as shore up your immune system against persistent diseases.

Drink Tea

Certain teas, including those made from Linden, Willow Bark, and Black Elder have long been touted to have fever reducing properties, particularly when served cold.

Sponge Yourself Down

Rather than taking a bath, use a washcloth or sponge to add moisture to your skin. The evaporation of the water will provide a cooling sensation and encourage your body back to regular temperature levels.

Use a Compress

Cold, wet compresses offer similar relief to sponge baths as they encourage the body to reach homeostasis with the cooler compress that has been applied. When the compresses become hot, remove them and start over with fresh, cool compresses.

Pharmaceutical Remedies

There are several over-the-counter medication options when it comes to relieving a fever. The good news is, many of these pills help relieve the additional symptoms of your virus as well, such as headache, chills, and congestion. Use them sparingly or under a pharmacist’s or doctor’s care, particularly in the case of children.

Acetaminophen

Commonly found in Tylenol, Acetaminophen is designed to regulate the body’s internal temperature. This medicine should be used with particular care when given to children.

Ibuprofen

Found in Advil or Motrin, Ibuprofen is known for its ability to decrease pain sensitivity. Take 2 at a time for maximum relief, but never on an empty stomach.

Aspirin

The classic solution, aspirin is often given in cases of fever. Particularly harsh on the stomach lining, aspirin should never be given to children or taken in large doses as it can cause ulcers or hemorrhaging.

Surgical Remedies

There are no surgical remedies specifically for fever as it is not an isolated bodily injury. The only surgery related to fever relief is that which removes an infection or infected tissue. The infected tissue could be causing fever throughout the body and once it is removed, fever may be lessened.

Things NOT to do for your fever at home

Take a hot or cold bath – While the thought of submerging yourself in a cool tub can seem tempting, shocking the body so quickly can cause adverse reactions, like shivers or heat stroke, both of which are much worse than the offending fever.

Starve Yourself – The old adage of “Feed a cold, starve a fever” doesn’t hold much water. If you have a fever and find yourself hungry, eat. This is your body’s way of asking you to do something specific to make it better. If you’re not hungry, don’t feel as if you need to eat until you are.

Smother Yourself in Blankets – Oftentimes a severe fever is accompanied by chills, both of which can make you want to cover up then quickly cool off. Resist the urge to wrap yourself in blankets or sit directly in front of a fan as your body has a hard time adjusting to such sudden changes in external temperature.

Body Rash

Dermatitis is a general term that covers a wide spectrum of different skin rashes. From an irritant as simple as laundry soap to a rash incurred by brushing up against a coral reef on a deep-sea dive, they all fall under the same category.

Broken down into basics, a rash is an abnormal reaction of the skin to a condition. That condition could be as simple as a diaper rash or be an indication of a more serious underlying disease. A rash can occur from stress, infection, plants, insects, allergies, or inflammation. It is a symptom and a primary cause.

Rash Occurences

A rash can happen to any culture, population or age group. It can appear quickly and disappear just as fast. It can happen fast and furious or take a long time to appear on the surface of the skin.

It accompanies childhood infections, infestation of parasites, such as head lice, and chronic illnesses. It can be an escort for menopause, Lyme disease or methamphetamine abuse. It can be a clanging alarm alerting the doctor of diabetes, meningitis or toxic shock syndrome in women.

Categories of Rashes

However, broadly speaking, there are five subcategories that may help diagnosis and treat a skin rash.

Atopic dermatitis, commonly known as eczema, which is a chronic itchy rash that is sporadic in nature.
Neurodermatitis, a rash caused by irritants such as detergent or an allergy-inducing substance like poison oak.
Perioral dermatitis occurs mainly around the mouth as a bumpy, red rash. Seborrheic dermatitis, a common rash that appear on the face and scalp. It is the root cause of dandruff of the scalp.

Stasis dermatitis, a rash caused by buildup of fluid under the skin, primarily on the legs.

While many professionals say that dermatitis is not a life-threatening or contagious disease, it is scant comfort when all you can think about is scratching and finding relief from a rash that can keep you from focusing on anything else. Many forms of dermatitis can share the same characteristics and make them difficult to diagnosis.

Common symptoms include

• Itching, often the primary complaint of a skin rash.
• Redness
• Skin lesions, white, red or oozing bumps that may feel prickly, hot or uncomfortable.
• Swelling, which can make skin feel tight, tender and sensitive to clothing.

If that were not confusing enough when trying to find a solution for an inflammatory rash, irritants that cause the initial outbreak often categorize dermatitis. The following section combines both categorizations of a rash along with simple treatment options.

Allergic dermatitis (Neurodermatitis)

This condition is rather straightforward in its causal origin. It is a rash that develops with allergies. It can take on any appearance, white or red, bumpy or smooth, dots, and spots or appear over a large area. The number one symptom is itching.

It can greatly affect individuals who suffer from asthma or hay fever and can actually be a genetic predisposition handed down through a family line. It usually starts in infancy, peaking in the childhood or teenage years, and then abating as an individual reaches maturity.

It is nearly impossible to become allergic to these substances as an adult if there is no evidence of an infancy or childhood onset. Allergic dermatitis is attributed to a breakdown in either autoimmune deficiency or genetic predisposition.

Contact dermatitis (Neurodermatitis)

This is a condition that is an allergic outcome to common factors such as soap, detergent, chemical cleaning products, metal, perfumes, dyes and cosmetics. Even some antibiotic creams can cause a contact dermatitis because of the ingredients in the product. This is another form of neurodermatitis that can take on almost any form and is again characterized by itching as the primary symptom.

An allergic reaction to a product will cause contact dermatitis to flare significantly faster than contact with a chemical or substance that builds up over time. Exposure to poison oak or poison ivy falls in this category because it is the contact with the plant that causes irritation to the skin.

Simple Treatment Options

• Antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications
• Antihistamines
• Covering the affected area to prevent scratching.
• Hydrocortisone or steroidal lotions and creams
• Wet compresses

Eczematic Dermatitis (Atopic)

This dermatitis has an underlying condition that causes the rash to appear. Eczema, psoriasis, a chronic irritation or dry skin are the common culprits in this category of dermatitis. The outbreak is generally confined to the extremities or limbs, such as the ankles, arm or forearm, wrist and the nape of the neck.

On rare occasion, it will appear on the torso but it is highly uncommon. Its main symptom is itching, which is worse at night. The developing rash is red, patchy and can develop fluid-filled sores that ooze or crust over. Or it can exhibit a scaly, dry, rough skin texture that may toughen over time from constant scratching.

Simple Treatment Methods

• Healling infection prone cracks in the skin
• Mild astringents with wet dressings>
• Light therapy
• Antihistamines

Glandular dermatitis (Seborrheic)

This condition is caused by an overproduction of oil by the sebaceous glands. It produces a red rash, with yellow or white flakes and scales. It occurs most often on the scalp and is common for people with oily skin or hair. It can be a seasonal affliction when a systemic flare up of symptoms is caused by factors of the different seasons. Possible external causes may be neurological afflictions such as Parkinson’s disease, travel and stress. Infants can suffer a form of this dermatitis known as “cradle cap.”

Simple Treatment Methods

Medicated shampoos containing tar, salicylic acid, pyrithione zinc and ketaconzaole
Hydrocortisone creams for non-scalp eruptions
Antihistamines

Circulatory dermatitis (Stasis)

This form of dermatitis is caused by an accumulation of fluid in subcutaneous tissues of the legs. It is caused by a slow return of blood to the heart from the leg veins.

The extra edema in the tissue affects the body’s ability to moisturize and nourish the skin and places extra pressure on the skin itself. Known causes of this dermatitis are varicose veins, chronic infections and poor circulation. It can present itself with swelling in the legs, itching, thin skin, open sores, discoloration of the skin resulting in reddish brown discoloration or violet-colored lesions.

Simple Treatment Methods

• Elastic support hose
• Varicose vein surgery
• Wet dressings for infection control
• Antihistamines

Oral Dermatitis (Perioral Dermatitis)

This form of dermatitis is centered around the nose and mouth. It is characterized by a rash that is red, and slightly bumpy. It is one of the few rashes has only mild itching or burning associated with it. However, it can spread up to the eyes if rubbed and then transferred to the eyes. It occurs most frequently in women and may come and go for a long time.

Simple Treatment Methods

• A mild corticosteroid cream
• Limit tartar toothpaste use to once a day

Homeopathic and Home Remedies

Many mild rashes can be helped by simple solutions. Cold compresses or washes can alleviate the redness, tenderness and inflammation of the rash. A simple paste of baking soda and water can be applied to the affected area for relief of itchiness.

Aromatherapy & Oils

Aromatherapy can be extremely effective in the lessening of rash symptoms. One of the best conduits for essential oils is a salve that already contains comfrey or calendula. On the other hand, you can use a base cream of non-toxic glycerin and aloe vera and mix 15 drops of essential oil into one ounce of salve. Mix and apply to the affected area.

Essential oils that have been shown to be beneficial are birch, chamomile, lavender, peppermint (for itching), rosemary, tea tree. Tea tree is very effective as an antiseptic bringing relief to those sufferers of eczema and other secondary skin infections.

Additional Home Remedies

Other home remedies include applications of chamomile, evening primrose oil or doses of cold-pressed flaxseed oil. Try a crush of vitamin C tablets and water directly on skin. This may cure many rashes because of the vitamin’s antioxidant properties.

Bach Flower Remedies has a cream that contains essences of Clematis, Impatiens, Rock Rose, Star of Bethlehem, Cherry Plum & Crap Apple. It is an excellent cream for mild rashes, razor burns and diaper rash.

Acupuncture

Acupuncture has also been proven highly effective at treating underlying conditions that may cause a rash. There are protocols and techniques that have brought substantial alleviation of dermatitis and the skin eruptions that accompany it.

Acupuncture may provide immediate relief from itchy, hot skin built up by a histamine reaction. Since acupuncture treats the root cause of a rash, over time the manifestation of skin conditions can abate entirely.

Complications

Any of these forms of dermatitis can be a sign of an underlying disease. Meningitis, diabetes, chicken pox, measles, toxic shock syndrome, menopause and rheumatoid arthritis are all conditions where individuals can suffer an irritating rash.

Other complications can arise as the result of a dermatitis outbreak. Impetigo is open sores and fissures that can become infected. Cellulitis is red streaks that appear on your skin and are warm, red and tender to touch. Both of these complications indicate an underlying bacterial infection and a doctor should be seen as soon as possible. Scarring, scaling and skin thickening can also be long-term effects of a skin rash.

When to See the Doctor

There are times when a rash is painfully severe or the complications so uncomfortable that it is best to seek medical attention. If your skin is painful to the touch, infected, or you are miserable to a point that you cannot perform activities of daily living or you are losing sleep, see your doctor.

Your doctor will either treat you for the condition or refer you to a specialist known as a dermatologist. An expert medical opinion will consider triggers, options, treatments and tests to determine the best course of action.

Visting the Doctor

The doctor will take a complete history, noting allergies, types of laundry products, cosmetics and lifestyle is ascertaining the cause of the skin condition. It is helpful for you to take a list of anything that may prove to be relevant in your everyday life, work environment and hobbies. Don’t be afraid to ask questions. The more informed you are the better choices you will make.

The resulting diagnosis will lend itself to the proper treatment for your type of dermatitis. The doctor will probably tell you to continue the wet dressings and cold compresses at home. He may add a prescription strength hydrocortisone or steroidal cream. He may prescribe anti-anxiety or Immunomodulator drugs, a non-steroid medication.

Treatment Costs

The costs for dermatitis control and eradication can be expensive if there is a long-term or chronic element in the equation. Nominally, the costs of over-the-counter creams, lotions and soaps will not be prohibitive especially if they are replacing a more inflammatory product that you previously used.

The highest cost of dermatitis therapy will be the cost of the initial doctor visit and the subsequent follow-up, especially if patch tests are employed to determine the cause of a rash. Acupuncture sessions can run anywhere from $50.00 to $250.00 per session depending on the location and the technique used in treatment. Homeopathic treatments, lotions and creams will cost about the same as other over-the-counter salves and ointments.

Prevention

To help avoid skin irritations in the future, there are simple rules that can be followed.

Eliminate trigger elements. Wear gloves when performing household chores and handling products with chemical irritants. Change personal and cleaning products to non-toxic and organic cleaners, cosmetics and hair care supplies. There are several great products on the market today for both home and personal use.

Bathing Products

Eliminate soap. Soap is a drying agent and can aggravate skin irritations and rashes. Use a pure glycerin or shea butter product for bathing and hand washing.

Use colloidal oatmeal in a cool or warm bath. This is a soothing relief for hot, swollen, itchy skin.

Lotions & Scratching

Use traditional lotions such as Calamine. These products have been used for years for their cooling effects and can have a high success rate.

Do not scratch. If the temptation is too great, wear comfortable, thin cotton gloves, especially at night. The gloves will prevent any possible infection from microscopic bacteria under the fingernails.

Apply cool, wet compresses. You can add a couple of drops of lavender or tea tree oil to the compress for added relief.

Sunscreen and Moisturizing

Use sunscreen. Extreme heat and sweating can make your rash seem ten times worse than it is. Take cool showers and exercise in the evening,

Bath less often. Too much bathing can actually dry out the skin, leaving it prone to scaling, flaking or cracking. Dry off completely, patting your self dry with a towel.

Moisturize your skin. Products like Aveeno and Eucerin carry a line that combats elements that cause dermatitis. Use natural products made only of shea butter for lubricating the skin.

Lifestyle Changes

Avoid processed foods that can contain additives and preservatives that can aggravate your rash. Wash all organic food before eating or food preparation.

Up your water intake. This can help nourish the skin and flush out toxins. Increase your portions of foods high in Omega-3s. These foods contain properties that help heal the skin.

Conclusion

Rashes are an inconvenient truth in every person’s life. Almost of all of us will experience a rash sometime in our life. With the tips presented here, you have a very good chance of alleviating the itchy, swelling purgatory of a person who only wants to scratch.

Resources

Children.WebMd.Com

EverydayHealth.Com

Mayoclinic.Com